Chapter 3 Diseases and Conditions

Question 1

abrasion

Answer 1

Scraping or rubbing away of a surface, such as skin, by friction

Question 2

abscess

Answer 2

localized collection of of pus at the site of an infection (characteristically a staphylococcal infection)

Question 3

Furuncle

Answer 3

Abscess that originates in the hair follicle; also called a boil

Question 4

carbuncle

Answer 4

clusters of furuncles in the subcutaneous tissue

Question 5

acne

Answer 5

Inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles of the skin, marked by comedos (blackheads), papules, and pustules (small skin lesions filled with purulent material)

Question 6

alopecia

Answer 6

absence or loss of hair, especially of the head; also known as baldness

Question 7

burn

Answer 7

tissue injury caused by contact with a thermal, chemical, electrical, or radioactive agent.

Question 8

first-degree burn (superficial)

Answer 8

Mild burn affecting the epidermis and characterized by redness and pain with no blistering or scar formation.

Question 9

second-degree burn (partial thickness)

Answer 9

Burn affecting the epidermis and part of the dermis and characterized by redness, blistering, or large bullae, and pain with little or no scaring

Question 10

third-degree burn (full thickness)

Answer 10

Severe burn characterized by destruction of the epidermis and dermis with damage to the subcutaneous layer, leaving the skin charred black or dry white in appearance with insensitivity to touch.

Question 11

carcinoma

Answer 11

uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body; also called malignant cells.

Question 12

melanoma

Answer 12

malignant tumor that originates in melanocytes and is considered the most dangerous type of skin cancer, which, if not treated early, becomes difficult to cure and can be fatal.

Question 13

comedo

Answer 13

Discolored, dried sebum plugging an excretory duct of the skin; also called blackhead.

Question 14

cyst

Answer 14

Closed sac or pouch in or under the skin with a definite wall that contains fluid, semi-fluid, or solid material.

Question 15

pilondial

Answer 15

Growth of hair in a dermoid cyst or in a sinus opening on the skin

Question 16

sebaceous

Answer 16

cyst filled with sebum (fatty material) from a sebaceous gland.

Question 17

eczema

Answer 17

redness of skin caused by swelling of the capillaries

Question 18

gangrene

Answer 18

Death of tissue, usually resulting from loss of blood supply

Question 19

hemorrage

Answer 19

external or internal loss of large amount of blood in a short period

Question 20

contusion

Answer 20

hemorrhage of any size under the skin in which the skin is not broken. Also known as a bruise

Question 21

ecchymosis

Answer 21

skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from blue-black to greenish brown or yellow; commonly called a bruise

Question 22

petechia

Answer 22

minute, pinpoint hemorrhagic spot of the skin that is a smaller version of ecchymosis

Question 23

hematoma

Answer 23

elevated, localized collection of blood trapped under the skin that usually results from trauma.

Question 24

hirsutism

Answer 24

excessive growth of hair in unusual places, especially in women; may be due to hypersecretion of testosterone

Question 25

ichthyosis

Answer 25

genetic skin disorder in which the skin is dry and scaly, resembling fish skin because of a defect in keratinization

Question 26

impetigo

Answer 26

Bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustulates that become crusted and rupture

Question 27

keloid

Answer 27

Overgrowth of scar tissue at the site of a skin injury (especially a wound, surgical incision, or severe burn) caused by excessive collagen formation during the healing process.

Question 28

psoriasis

Answer 28

chronic skin disease characterized by itchy red patches covered with silvery scales

Question 29

scabies

Answer 29

contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite

Question 30

skin lesions

Answer 30

areas of pathologically altered tissue caused by disease, injury, or a wound resulting from external factors or internal disease

Question 31

tinea

Answer 31

fungal infection whose name commonly indicates the body part affected such as tinea pedis (athlete’s foot) AKA ringworm

Question 32

ulcer

Answer 32

lesion of the skin or mucus membranes marked by inflammation, necrosis, and sloughing of damaged tissues

Question 33

pressure ulcer

Answer 33

skin ulceration caused by prolonged pressure, usually in a patient who is bedridden; AKA decubitus ulcer or bedsore

Question 34

Urticaria

Answer 34

Allergic reaction of the skin characterized byeruption of pale red elevated patches that are extremely itchy; also called wheels (hives)

Question 35

verruca

Answer 35

Rounded epidermal growth caused by a virus; AKA wart

Question 36

vesicle

Answer 36

small blister like elevation on the skin containing a clear fluid; large vesicles are called bullae

Question 37

vitiligo

Answer 37

localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches; AKA leukoderma

Question 38

wheal

Answer 38

smooth, slightly elevated skin that is white in the center with a pale red periphery; AKA hives if itchy