Chapter 4- Developmental Flashcards

0
Q

zygote

A

fertilized egg

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1
Q

developmental psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies physical cognitive and social change throughout the lifespan

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2
Q

embryo

A

the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through second month

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3
Q

fetus

A

the developing human organism from 9 weeks to birth

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4
Q

teratogens

A

agents, such as chemicals and viruses, That can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and can cause harm

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5
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. In severe cases symptoms include noticeable facial mist proportions

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6
Q

rooting reflex

A

A baby’s tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple

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7
Q

habituation

A

decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gained familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, the interest wanes and they look away sooner

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8
Q

maturation

A

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively on influenced by experience

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9
Q

schema

A

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

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10
Q

piagets stages of cognitive development

A

sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational

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11
Q

sensorimotor

A

object permanence

stranger anxiety

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12
Q

preoperational

A

egocentrism
pretend play
language development

representing things with words and images; use intuitive rather than logical reasoning

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13
Q

concrete operational

A

conservation
math

thinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations

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14
Q

formal operational

A

abstract thinking and resoning

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15
Q

assimilation

A

interpreting one’s new experience in terms of one’s existing schemas

16
Q

accomodation

A

adapting ones current schemas to incorporate new info

17
Q

conservation

A

the principle that properties such as mass volume and number remain the same despite changes in forms of objects

18
Q

theory of mind

A

peoples ideas about their own and others’ mental states – about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict

19
Q

autism

A

a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of other states of mind

20
Q

attachment

A

an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation

21
Q

critical period

A

an optimal. Shortly after birth when an organisms exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development

22
Q

impriting

A

The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life

23
Q

basic trust

A

according to Erick Erickson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers

24
Q

self concept

A

a sense of ones identity and personal worth

25
Q

adolescence

A

The transition from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence

26
Q

puberty

A

the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing

27
Q

menarche

A

first period

28
Q

kolhbergs moral reasoning

A

preconventional
conventional
postconventional

29
Q

preconventional

A

avoid punishment or gain reward

30
Q

conventional

A

caring for others and upholds laws and social rules simply because they are laws and rules

31
Q

postconventional

A

right and wrong

32
Q

eriksons stages of pyschosocial development

A
trust vs mistrust
autonomy vs shame/doubt
iniative vs guilt
competence vs inferiority
identity vs role confusion
intimacy vs isolation
generativeity vs stagnation
integrity vs despair