Chapter 4- Developmental Flashcards
zygote
fertilized egg
developmental psychology
A branch of psychology that studies physical cognitive and social change throughout the lifespan
embryo
the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through second month
fetus
the developing human organism from 9 weeks to birth
teratogens
agents, such as chemicals and viruses, That can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and can cause harm
fetal alcohol syndrome
physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. In severe cases symptoms include noticeable facial mist proportions
rooting reflex
A baby’s tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple
habituation
decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gained familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, the interest wanes and they look away sooner
maturation
biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively on influenced by experience
schema
a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
piagets stages of cognitive development
sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational
sensorimotor
object permanence
stranger anxiety
preoperational
egocentrism
pretend play
language development
representing things with words and images; use intuitive rather than logical reasoning
concrete operational
conservation
math
thinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations
formal operational
abstract thinking and resoning
assimilation
interpreting one’s new experience in terms of one’s existing schemas
accomodation
adapting ones current schemas to incorporate new info
conservation
the principle that properties such as mass volume and number remain the same despite changes in forms of objects
theory of mind
peoples ideas about their own and others’ mental states – about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict
autism
a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of other states of mind
attachment
an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation
critical period
an optimal. Shortly after birth when an organisms exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development
impriting
The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life
basic trust
according to Erick Erickson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers
self concept
a sense of ones identity and personal worth
adolescence
The transition from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence
puberty
the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
menarche
first period
kolhbergs moral reasoning
preconventional
conventional
postconventional
preconventional
avoid punishment or gain reward
conventional
caring for others and upholds laws and social rules simply because they are laws and rules
postconventional
right and wrong
eriksons stages of pyschosocial development
trust vs mistrust autonomy vs shame/doubt iniative vs guilt competence vs inferiority identity vs role confusion intimacy vs isolation generativeity vs stagnation integrity vs despair
