Chapter 3: Nature Nurture & Human Diversity

Question 0

behavior genetics

Answer 0

studies the effects of genes and environments on individual differences in behavior and mental processes

Question 1

evolutionary psychology

Answer 1

study of behavior, emotions, and thinking that allowed our ancestors to survive and pass on genes
NATURAL SELECTION

Question 2

environment

Answer 2

every no genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us

Question 3

chromosomes

Answer 3

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

a complex molecule containing the genetic info that make up the chromosomes

Question 5

genes

Answer 5

the biochemical unit of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein

Question 6

genome

Answer 6

the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organisms chromosomes

Question 7

identical twins

Answer 7

twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits into two creating two genetically identical organisms

Question 8

fraternal twins

Answer 8

twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs that are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters

Question 9

temperament

Answer 9

a persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Question 10

heritability

Answer 10

the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heratibility of a trait may vary depending on range of populations and environments studied

Question 11

interaction

Answer 11

the effect of one factor depends on another factor

Question 12

molecular genetics

Answer 12

the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes

Question 13

natural selection

Answer 13

The principle that among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Question 14

mutation

Answer 14

a random error in gene replication that leads to a change

Question 15

gender

Answer 15

in psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define make and female

Question 16

culture

Answer 16

The enduring behavior, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Question 17

norm

Answer 17

an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe proper behavior

Question 18

personal space

Answer 18

the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies

Question 19

individualism

Answer 19

giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

Question 20

collectivism

Answer 20

giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often ones extended family or workgroup) and defining one’s identity accordingly

Question 21

X chromosome

Answer 21

The sex chromosome found in both men and women. females have two X chromosomes and males have one. An X-chromosome from each parent produces a female child

Question 22

Y chromosome

Answer 22

The sex chromosome found only in males

Question 23

role

Answer 23

a set of expectations about a social position defining how those in the position ought to behave

Question 24

gender role

Answer 24

A set of expected behaviors for males and for females

Question 25

gender identity

Answer 25

ones sense of being male or female

Question 26

gender typing

Answer 26

The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

Question 27

social learning theory

Answer 27

The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

Question 28

gender schema theory

Answer 28

The theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they adjusted behavior accordingly