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Dental 22010 > Chapter 4 Dental Conditions > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Dental Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Common, mild, self-limiting, virus

Affects 1/3 to 1/2 of the US population

A

Recurrent Herpetic simplex

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2
Q

Sx:

  • Prodromal symptoms of fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, and malaise
  • Numerous pin-head vesicles which rupture and ulcer on the perioral skin, vermilion border, and oral mucosa
  • Severe and painful gingivitis with difficulty eating
A

Herpetic Gingivostomatitis

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3
Q

Treatment of herpetic gingivostomatitis

A

Heals in 7-14 days

Acyclovir 200-800mg five times daily for 7-14 days may speed recovery

Treat symptoms:

  • Hydration
  • Systemic analgesia
  • Antipyretics
  • Soft bland diet
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4
Q

Common, mild, self-limiting re-manifestation of the Herpes Simplex virus, re-activated in immunocompromised patients

A

Recurrent Herpes Simplex

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5
Q

HSV-1 remains in latent state in the trigeminal ganglion until body is compromised by:

A
  • Sunlight
  • Menstruation
  • Fatigue
  • Fever
  • Stress
  • Immunological compromise
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6
Q

Commonly known as “cold sore” or fever blisters”

A

Herpes labialis

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7
Q

Prodromal symptoms of pain, burning, or tingling

1-5 mm vesicles with erythematous border that ulcer and may form larger ulcers

Occurs on keratinized and non-keratinized mucosa

A

Intraoral herpes simplex

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8
Q

Treatment for intraoral herpes simplex

A

Heal in 7-14 days

Acyclovir

Treat symptoms:

  • Analgesia
  • Hydration
  • Antipyretics
  • Soft bland diet
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9
Q

May have prodrome of itching, tingling, or burning at blister sites

Primarily found on vermillion border and/or commissure of lips

Pain present for first 2 days, may be acute for 5 days

Presents as papules that become pustular and ulcerate before scabbing

A

Herpes labialis

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10
Q

Treatment for herpes labialis

A

Lesions heal 7-14 days

Topical/systemic antivirals at first sign of prodrome or lesion

Treat symptoms:

  • Ice
  • Warm cloth
  • OTC creams
  • NSAIDs
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11
Q

Common, severe, non-contagious bacterial infection of the gums with sudden onset

“trench mouth” or “Vincent’s Angina”

Brought on by opportunistic Fusobacteria and spirochetes as a result of immunosuppression, extreme stress, poor oral hygiene, malnutrition, and/or smoking.

A

Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)

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12
Q

Ulcerations on dental papillae. Punched out appearance.

Overwhelming foul breath.

Rapid onset may be accompanied by malaise or fever.

Lymphadenopathy, acute painful bleeding gingiva.

A

Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis

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13
Q

Treatment for NUG

A

Soft toothbrush for teeth

Oral hygiene and nutrition instruction

Hourly rinses with warm saline OR twice daily rinses with hydrogen peroxide or chlorhexidine

Remove contributing factors

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14
Q

Treatment of NUG that does not improve after 48 hours

A

Antibiotic treatment:

  • Penicillin
  • Erythromycin
  • Tetracycline
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15
Q

Opportunistic fungal overgrowth of the lining of the mouth

A

Oral Candidiasis (thrush)

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16
Q

Part of the normal oral flora, and is an opportunistic yeast/fungus

A

Candida Albicans

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17
Q

Fungal overgrowths occur in people who:

A
  • Taken antibiotics/corticosteroids
  • AIDS
  • Leukemia
  • Chemotherapy
  • Xerostomia
  • Endocrine Disorders
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18
Q

Most common manifestation of oral candidiasis

Presents as a white slough that can be easily wiped away to reveal erythematous tissue

A

Thrush (acute pseudomembranous candidiasis)

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19
Q

Thrush:

White material is made up of:

A

Debris, fibrin, and desquamated epithelial cells that have been invaded by yeast cells

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20
Q

Thrush can also develop on:

A

Vulva, Anus, or other body folds

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21
Q

Thrush:

May present on commissure of lips and cause:

A

Angular cheilitis

22
Q

Uncommon symptoms of thrush:

A

Pain, may feel like burning

Dysphagia and hoarseness

Metallic, acidic, salty, or bitter taste

23
Q

Treatment of thrush

A

Antifungal therapy

  • Fluconazole
  • Ketoconazole
  • Clotrimazole
  • Nystatin mouth rise TID

0.12% Chlorhexidine and half-strength hydrogen peroxide rinses

Clean dentures with Nystatin powder

24
Q

HIV infected patients with thrush may need:

A

Voriconazole

25
Q

“Canker Sores”

Common, unknown etiology.

Immune response associated with herpes virus 6, but not viral or communicable

Manifests after malnutrition, disease, trauma, or stress

A

Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS)

26
Q

Prodrome of burning or itching

1/4 to 6mm, round, yellow gray fibrinoid centers surrounded by red halos

Found on non-keratinized tissue

Painful, especially with physical contact or spicy food

A

RAS

27
Q

Treatment of RAS

A

Self healing, 10-14 days

Topical corticosteroids provide symptomatic relief

28
Q

Used selectively in recurrent aphthous ulcerations in HIV-positive patients

A

Thalidomide

29
Q

Umbrella term for conditions producing dysfunction of the jaw joint or pain in the jaw and face

Often in or around the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and other muscles of the head and neck, the fascia, or both

A

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

30
Q

A person is considered to have TMD only if:

A

Pain or limitation of motion is severe enough to require professional care

31
Q

Most TMD is related to the disturbed movement of:

A
  • Mandibular condyle
  • Glenoid fossa
  • Cartilaginous articular disk
32
Q

Causes of TMD

A
  • Clenching and grinding of teeth
  • Trauma
  • Arthritis
  • Malocclusion and missing teeth
  • Abnormal growth of the condyle
33
Q

TMJ immobility or fusion of the joint

A

Ankylosis

34
Q

TMD:

Disorder of unknown etiology characterized by persistent accelerated growth of the condyle

A

Condylar hyperplasia

35
Q

Facial deformity caused by a short mandibular ramus

A

Condylar hypoplasia

36
Q

TMD:

Myofascial pain syndrome can be caused by:

A

Tension, fatigue, or spasm in the masticatory muscles

37
Q

TMD:

Often results from trauma or infection, but may be congenital or a result of RA. Chronic, painless limitation of motion occurs. When ankylosis leads to arrest of condylar growth, facial asymmetry is common.

A

Ankylosis

38
Q

Crossbite malocclusion, facial asymmetry, and sifting of the midpoint of the chin to the unaffected side. Lower border of the mandible is often convex on the affected side.

A

Condylar Hyperplasia

39
Q

Deviation of chin to affected side, elongated mandible, flatness of face on unaffected side. Malocclusion.

A

Condylar Hypoplasia

40
Q

Symptoms include bruxism, headaches, pain and tenderness in and around the masticatory apparatus or referred to other locations in the head and neck. Possible limitations to mobility. Placing tongue blades 2-3 thick between molars on both sides may ease symptoms when patient bites down.

A

Myofascial pain syndrome

41
Q

Results from changing patterns of hyperkeratosis and erythema on dorsum and edges of tongue

Desquamated filiform papillae in irregular circinate pattern, often with an inflamed center and white or yellow border

2-3% of the population

A

Geographic Tongue

42
Q

Dark, elongated filiform papillae, strained by chromogenic microorganisms, giving the appearance of hair

A

Hairy Tongue

43
Q

Predisposing factors of hairy tongue

A

Xerostomia

Soft diet

Poor oral hygiene

Smoking

Certain Medications

44
Q

Treatment for hairy tongue:

A

Good Oral hygiene including scrubbing tongue

Resolving predisposing factors

45
Q

Soft nodule; if superficial, covered by thin epithelium; appears bluish, most common on the lips and floor of the mouth (ranula)

Occurs as a result of a ruptured or obstructed minor salivary gland

A

Mucocele

46
Q

Treatment of mucocele

A

Some spontaneously resolve. Salt water rinses 6 times a day for several days.

May require surgical removal.

Does not resolve with incision or drainage.

47
Q

Lacerations to mucosa must be repaired by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon or otorhinolaryngologist if:

A

Stensen’s or Wharton’s ducts are compromised

48
Q

Place mucosal sutures ___mm from wound edges and ___mm apart

A

2-3

5-7

49
Q

Nerve that supplies the upper lip

A

Infraorbital

50
Q

Nerve that supplies the lower lip

A

Submandibular

Dental 22010 (6 decks)

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