Chapter 4: Critical Thinking

Question 1

logical problem solving or decision making

Answer 1

critical thinking

Question 2

attempt to mislead or trick one into thinking it’s true (marketing, commercials, advertising)

Answer 2

logical fallacies

Question 3

problem solving model: identification, research, analysis, application, decision-making, evaluation, reflection

Answer 3

critical thinking model

Question 4

what might be right for one situation may not be right for the next

Answer 4

situational ethics

Question 5

formal in nature, forced to a conclusion (similar to math equations: rigid & formal structures)

Answer 5

deductive

Question 6

informal in nature, not truth preserving (not truth preserving, no conclusion)

Answer 6

inductive

Question 7

nature of relationship between premise/conclusion _____ of an argument

Answer 7

structure

Question 8

point or summary of the argument

Answer 8

conclusion

Question 9

giving the baseline for establishing an argument

Answer 9

premises

Question 10

grouping together statements to make a point

Answer 10

arguments

Question 11

COGENT, proves likelihood of conclusion

Answer 11

inductive argument

Question 12

proves its point is SOUND (all premises true and valid)

Answer 12

deductive argument

Question 13

these arguments are not always right or wrong

Answer 13

moral arguments

Question 14

attempt to discredit by alluding to circumstances that affect opponent, unreliable source (fallacies)

Answer 14

ad hominem circumstantial

Question 15

to disparage character of person presenting argument, question his/her intelligence (character assassination)

Answer 15

ad hominem abusive (to the man)

Question 16

when a word/phrase can be used in a way that’s not clear

Answer 16

equivocation

Question 17

red herring, straw man, either/or, begging the question, etc

Answer 17

fallacies

Question 18

the “should” statements of ethics

Answer 18

general moral principles