Chapter 4 - Creating a Simple Page Flashcards by Bridget Titus

five basic steps of page production

start with content
give the document structure
identify text elements
add an image
change how the text looks with a style sheet

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rich-text

documents that have hidden style-formatting instructions for making text bold, setting font size, and so on

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the five things browsers ignore

multiple-character (white) spaces, line breaks (carriage returns), tabs, unrecognized markup, text in comments

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three parts to the anatomy of an HTML element

opening tag, content, closing tag

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syntax

the anatomy of an HTML element

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tag

consists of an element name within angle brackets

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opening tag (start tag)

the element name appears here in brackets

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closing tag (end tag)

the element name appears here in brackets preceded by a slash (/)

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markup

the tags added around content

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element

consists of both the content and its markup

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empty element

an element that does not have content

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basic document structure

<1DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>
<meta></meta>
<title>Title here</title>
</head>

<body>
Page content goes here.
</body>

</html>

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six parts to an HTML document

document type declaration (DOCTYPE declaration)
html element (root element)
head element
body element
meta element
title element

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document type declaration (DOCTYPE declaration)

tells the browser which HTML specification to use to interpret the document

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html element (root element)

contains all the elements in the document, and is not contained within any other element

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head element

in the html element - contains elements that pertain to the document that are not rendered as part of the content, such as its title, style sheets, scripts, and metadata; identifies the head of the document that contains information about the document itself

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body element

contains everything that we want to show up in a browser window; identifies the body of the document that holds the content

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meta element

provide document metadata; provides information about the document

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metadata

information about the document such as author, keywords, publishing status, description, and character encoding

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character encoding

standardized collection of letters, numbers, and symbols

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title element

a descriptive, mandatory, title; gives the page a title

code points

reference numbers of a standardized collection of characters

coded character set

a standardized collection of characters

character encoding

the way in which characters are converted to bytes for use by computers

Unicode (Universal Character Set)

super-character set that contains over 136 thousand characters from all active modern languages

HTTP header

information about the document that the server sends to the user agent

semantic markup

when marking up content, choosing the HTML element that provides the most meaningful description of the content at hand

Document Object Model (DOM)

the way elements follow each other or nest within one another, creating relationships between them; an outline

block elements

elements that start on new lines and do not run together, treated as though they are in rectangle boxes, stacked up in a page. each block element begins on a new line, with some space usually added above and below the entire element by default

inline element (text-level semantic element, phrasing element)

elements that stay in the flow of the paragraph

comments

notes in the source document put between comment tags ()

user agent style sheets

built in style sheets in browsers

empty elements

elements that do not have content because they are used to provide a simple directive

attribute

instructions that clarify or modify an element

two parts of the anatomy of an attribute

attribute name, value

Boolean attribute

describes a feature that is either on or off

Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)

changes presentation of a page

validator

software that checks your source against the HTML version you specify

What is the difference between a tag and an element?

A tag is part of the markup (brackets and element name) used to delimit an element. An element consists of the content and its tags.

Write out the recommended minimal markup for an HTML5 document.

Title

Indicate whether each of these filenames is an acceptable name for a web document (Y/N): Sunflower.html

Yes

Indicate whether each of these filenames is an acceptable name for a web document (Y/N): index.doc

No, must end in .html or .htm

Indicate whether each of these filenames is an acceptable name for a web document (Y/N): cooking home page.html

No, there may be no character spaces

Indicate whether each of these filenames is an acceptable name for a web document (Y/N): Song_Lyrics.html

Yes

Indicate whether each of these filenames is an acceptable name for a web document (Y/N): games/rubix.html

No, there may be no slashes in the name

Indicate whether each of these filenames is an acceptable name for a web document (Y/N): %whatever.html

No, there may be no percent symbols

The following is incorrect. Describe what is wrong with it and then write it correctly:

missing the src attribute

The following is incorrect. Describe what is wrong with it and then write it correctly: Congratulations!

missing the slash in the closing tag

49

The following is incorrect. Describe what is wrong with it and then write it correctly:

doesn't need the attribute in the closing tag

50

The following is incorrect. Describe what is wrong with it and then write it correctly:
This is a new paragraph<\p>

used the wrong slash mark

51

How would you mark up this comment in an HTML document so that it doesn't display in the browser window: product list begins here