Chapter 4- CNS & PNS

Question 1

What does CNS stand for?

Answer 1

Central nervous system

Question 2

What does PNS stand for?

Answer 2

Peripheral nervous system

Question 3

What is the Peripheral Nervous System divided into?

Answer 3

The autonomic and somatic systems

Question 4

What is the Central Nervous System divided into?

Answer 4

The brain and spinal cord

Question 5

What is the AUTONOMIC system divided into?

Answer 5

Parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 6

What is the SOMATIC system divided into?

Answer 6

Motor and sensory

Question 7

What is the role of the CNS?

Answer 7

It enables the brain to communicate with the rest of the body.

Sends neurotransmissions from the brain to the PNS and vice versa.

Question 8

What is the role of the PNS?

Answer 8

Communicates messages from the Body’s organs, glands and muscles to the CNS.

Communicate messages from the CNS to the body’s organs, glands and muscles

Question 9

What is the SOMATIC system responsible for?

Answer 9

Voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

Communicated via motor neurones from the CNS to particular muscles that an organism intends to move.

Question 10

What is the AUTONOMIC system responsible for?

Answer 10

Communication of information between the CNS and the body’s non skeletal muscles as well as internal organs and glands.

E.g digestion and heartbeat

It contacts blood vessels, liver sweat glands ect.

Question 11

What is the SYMPATHETIC nervous system responsible for?

Answer 11

The fight, flight and freeze response.

It becomes active in times of stress and survival

Question 12

What is the PARASYMPATHETIC nervous system responsible for?

Answer 12

Responsible for maintaining day to day bodily functions such as digestion, heart rate and regulating steady breathing

Known as homeostasis

Question 13

What are the three types of Neurones?

Answer 13

Motor, sensory and interneurone

Question 14

What are the components of a neuron

Answer 14

Dendrites, axon, terminal buds, myelin sheath, soma, synapse

Question 15

What’s the role of the DENDRITE and what is it?

Answer 15

It’s the tree like structure on the end of a neuron.

It’s role is to receive info from other neurons, via the synapse and send it to the cell body or soma

Question 16

What’s the role of the SOMA and what is it?

Answer 16

It is the cell body and controls metabolism and maintenance of the cell

Question 17

What’s the role of the AXON and what is it?

Answer 17

It is the nerve fibre that carries info away from the cell body to the terminal buds

Question 18

What’s the role/s of MYELIN and what is it?

Answer 18

It is the fatty substance that covers the axon. It’s roles are to speed up the messages travelling through the neuron and protect/insulate the axon from other neurons.

It’s produced by glial cells

Question 19

What’s is a Glial cell and what’s it’s role?

Answer 19

Not part of the neuron but the hold the neurons together and has 4 functions

Surround neuron and hold them in place
Supply nourishment and oxygen to the cell
Remove dead neurons
Insulate one neuron form another to increase speed of transmission, to do this they produce myelin

Question 20

Explain the process of communication between neurons.

Answer 20

The dendrites receive info via the synapse and send the electrical impulses along the axon through to the soma and is then secreted out through the terminal buds

Question 21

What is a NEURAL PATHWAY?

Answer 21

It is the passage that a neurotransmission takes in the communication between cells

Question 22

What’s the SYNAPSE and what’s it’s role?

Answer 22

It is the junction between two neurons that partakes in the transmission of messages from one neuron to another.

Question 23

What is a reflex action?

Answer 23

Simple automatic response to a sensory stimulus

Question 24

How is information sent to and from the brain?

Answer 24

Sensory > Afferent > motor > efferent