Chapter 4-Chemistry_Periodic Table Flashcards
Atomic Number
Number of protons in an atom
Atoms
The particles that make up all materials; the smallest part of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction
Electron Configuration
Arrangement of electrons in electron shells
Electron Shells/ Energy Levels
The regions surrounding the nucleus where electrons may be found
Element
A substance composed of atoms with the same atomic number; 118 are known to exist
Ground State
The lowest energy arrangement of an atom’s electrons in energy levels (shells)
Indirect Evidence
Evidence that does not involve direct observation
Nucleus
Heavy core at the centre of he atom, made of protons and neutrons
Actinides
A special block of metallic elements with atomic numbers 90-103
Groups
Vertical columns of the periodic table; group number is equal to the number of electrons in the outer shell of atoms of the elements in that group
Lanthanides
A special block of metallic elements with atomic numbers 58-71
Periodic Table
A list of all known elements, arranged horizontally in order of increasing atomic number and vertically according to the number of electrons in the outer shell
Periods
Horizontal rows of the periodic table; period number of an element is equal to the number of electrons shells
Transition Elements
A special block of metallic elements covering metals from groups 3-12
Bonds
Links that join atoms together
Covalent Bonding
The sharing of electrons between atoms of non-metals
Inert Gases/ Noble Gases
Group 18 elements known for their stability (lack of reactivity)
Ionic Bonding
Attraction of positive and negative ions formed from the transfer of electrons from metallic to non-metallic atoms
Ions
‘Charged atoms’ (or groups of atoms) formed by electrons being transferred from one atom to another
Lattices
A regular arrangement of particles. In ionic lattices, the particles are ions; in solid molecular lattices, the particles are molecules; and in Diamond and graphite; the particles are atoms
Metallic Bonding
A mutual attraction between a lattice of positive metal ions and a sea of delocalised, outer-shell electrons
Molecules
Discrete groupings of atoms covalently bonded together
Monatomic
Atoms that exist on their own, without bonding with others
Alkali Metals
Group 1 elements
Alkaline Earths
Group 2 elements
Allotropes
Forms of the same element that have different molecular structures and therefor different properties
Halogens
Group 17 elements
Organic
Compound that is or was part of a living thing; contains carbon
Organic Molecules
Molecules that have a backbone of carbon
