Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding

Question 1

What are characteristics of noble gases

Answer 1

1. They are naturally stable

2. They have complete valence shells

Question 2

What is the definition of a metal

Answer 2

Metals have a tendency to give out electrons, forming positive ions

Question 3

What is the definition of a non-metal

Answer 3

Non-Metals have a tendency to take in electrons, forming negative ions

Question 4

What is ionic bonding

Answer 4

Ionic bonding is defined as the transfer of electrons from a metal to non-metal, in order to achieve noble gas configuration

Question 5

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 5

Covalent bonding is defined as the sharing of electrons between two or more non-metallic atoms, in order to achieve noble gas configuration

Question 6

What is the difference in structure between an ionic lattice structure and simple molecular structure?

Answer 6

Ionic lattice structure are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction, forming a giant ionic lattice. On the other hand simple molecular structures are held loosely held together by weak intermolecular forces of attraction

Question 7

What is the difference in melting and boiling point between ionic substances and covalent substances?

Answer 7

Ionic substances generally have a high melting and boiling point as a large amount of energy is required to overcome the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between particles. On the other hand, covalent substances have low melting and boiling points as a small amount of energy is required to overcome the weak intermolecular forces of attraction between the particles.

Question 8

What is the difference in an ionic substance’s and a covalent substance’s ability to conduct electricity?

Answer 8

Ionic substances in solid state are poor electrical conductors due to the ions being held in fixed positions, while ions that are in molten or aqueous state are good electrical conductors due to the presence of mobile ions that act as mobile charge carriers.

Covalent substances are poor electrical conductors in all states due to the absence of mobile ions and electrons

Question 9

What are the factors that affect electrostatic forces in giant ionic lattice structures?

Answer 9

1. Magnitude of charge of the ions

2. The physical size of the ions

Question 10

What are the factors that affect intermolecular forces in simple molecular structures?

Answer 10

1. The size of the molecule (The larger its size, the stronger the intermolecular forces

Question 11

What is metallic bonding defined as?

Answer 11

Metallic bonding is defined as the delocalization of electrons between metallic atoms, resulting in a lattice of positive ions within ‘sea’ of delocalized electrons.

Question 12

What are characteristics of a macromolecule?

Answer 12

• They are unable to conduct electricity due to the absence of mobile ions or electrons
• They have a high melting point due to large amounts of energy required to break the strong covalent bonds between atoms

Question 13

What are properties of graphite?

Answer 13

1. Soft and slippery

2. Good conductor of electricity

Question 14

Why is graphite able to conduct electricity

Answer 14

Graphite has delocalized electrons which act as mobile electrons that carry an electric current