Chapter 2: Particulate Nature of Matter Flashcards
What is the Kinetic Particle Theory
The Kinetic Particle theory proposes that all matter is made up of particles, and that the particles are in continuous random motions
Why do solids and liquids have a fixed volume?
And Why don’t gases have a fixed volume?
Because the particles of a liquid and solid have a force of attraction between them. However the particles of a gas have a negligible force of attraction, and thus they occupy any available space.
Why can’t liquids and solids be compressed, but a gas can?
This is because particles in a liquid and solid are closely packed together. However the particles of a gas are far apart, making them compressible
Using the particulate nature of matter, explain boiling
During boiling, particles of a liquid gain enough energy to break the attractive forces between them. The particles are now spread far apart from each other, and move freely at high speeds instead of sliding over each other
Using the particulate nature of matter, describe melting
During melting, particles of a solid gain enough energy to weaken the attractive forces between them. The particles are still closely packed but break from their regular arrangements. They also slide over each other instead of vibrating at their fixed positions
Using the particulate nature of matter, explain freezing
During freezing, the particles of a liquid lose enough energy and forces between the particles get strengthened. The particles move into a regular arrangement. Now, instead of sliding over each other, they are now only able to vibrate at their fixed positions.
Using the particulate nature of matter, explain condensation
The particles of a gas lose energy and forces between the particles are formed. These particles start to pack more closely together, and instead of moving freely at high speeds, they are now only able to slider over each other.
What are the 2 things that happen to matter when heat/cooled?
They change state and temperature
How to changes in temperature affect matter?
Energy gain causes particles to move at faster speeds. On the other hand energy loss causes particles to move at slower speeds
How to changes in state affect matter?
Energy gain causes bonds to break/overcome between particles. On the other hand energy loss causes bonds to form between particles
What does it mean when substances have sharp melting and boiling points in graphs?
It means that the substances is pure, as a mixture would have a range of melting and boiling points instead.
What is diffusion
What are 2 things that affect diffusion? What relationship do they have with diffusion?
