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chem 103 > chapter 4---chem 103 > Flashcards

chapter 4---chem 103 Flashcards

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

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1
Q

molarity

A

number of moles of a substance (solute) dissolved in enough solvent to make 1L of solution

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2
Q

molarity formula

A

moles of substance/liters of solution

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3
Q

what is the solvent

A

what the substance is dissolved in

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4
Q

what is the solute

A

the concentrated solution that is placed in the solvent

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5
Q

electrolytes

A

Substances that dissolve in water to produce conducting solutions of ions

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6
Q

nonelectrolytes

A

substances that don’t produce ions in an aqueous solution

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7
Q

dissociates

A

compound that splits apart when in water

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8
Q

strong electrolyte

A

compounds that dissociate to a large extent (70-100%)

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9
Q

weak electrolytes

A

Compounds that dissociate in a small extent

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10
Q

Precipitation reactions

A

soluble reactants form an insoluble solid (precipitate)

typically occurs when anions and cations switch partners

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11
Q

Acid-base neutralization reactions

A

Acid reacts with a base to yield a water and salt

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12
Q

oxidation reduction reaction/redox reactions

A

1+ electrons are transferred between reaction partners

EX: Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) —-> MgCl2(aq) + H2 (g

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13
Q

molecular equation

A

written using complete formulas as if they were in moles w/ state abbreviation

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14
Q

ionic equation

A

all ions are explicitly shown

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15
Q

spectator ion

A

on both sides of the reaction to balance

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16
Q

net ionic equation

A

remove spectator ions from the equation

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17
Q

solubility

A

how much a compound can result in amount of solvent at a given temperature

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18
Q

Low solubility typically forms what type of a state

A

precipitate (s)

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19
Q

what measurement determines whether a concentration is soluble

A

0.01 M or greater

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20
Q

Every acid has what element in it

A

hydrogen

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21
Q

acid

A

substance that dissociates with water to give hydrogen ions (H+)

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22
Q

base

A

substance that dissociates in water to give hydroxide ions (HO-)

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23
Q

Strong acids

A

acids that dissociate to a large extent

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24
Q

weak acids

A

acids that dissociate to a small extent

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25
Q

monoprotic acid

A

provides only one H+ ion

26
Q

diprotic acid

A

provides 2 H+ ions

27
Q

triprotic acid

A

provides 3 H+ ions

28
Q

weak base

A

small extent

29
Q

strong base

A

large extent

30
Q

oxoacids

A

Acids containing oxygen and hydrogen and another element

31
Q

oxoanion

A

Message with oxygen and other elements that are form from being dissolved in water

32
Q

when naming and acid, how do oxoacids and oxoanions correspond?

A
  • ous —> -ite

- ic —> -ate

33
Q

if an acid ends in -ous, what does that have anything to its oxygen?

A

has fewer oxygens

34
Q

if an acid ends in -ic, what does that have anything to its oxygen?

A

has more oxygens (than ous ones)

35
Q

When an acid is dissolved in water what does it form

A

polyatomic ions

36
Q

how are non-oxygen acids named

A

“hydro” prefix
“ic acid” suffix

EX: hydrochloric acid

37
Q

neutralization reactions always end with what in its product

A

h2o

38
Q

titration

A

Procedure for determine the concentration of a solution by allowing a measure volume of that solution to react with the second solution with a different substance

39
Q

oxidation

A

loss 1+ electron by a substance

40
Q

reduction

A

gain 1+ electron by a substance

41
Q

Oxidation number

A

indicate if atoms are neutral, electron Rich, or electron poor

42
Q

half reductions

A

Half reduction occurs and have oxidation occurs. They always occur together

43
Q

Reducing agent

A

substance causing reduction

44
Q

Oxidizing agent

A

Substance causing oxidation

45
Q

Activity series

A

ranks elements in order of their reducing ability in aqueous solutions

46
Q

Combustion

A

Burning of fuel by oxidation with oxygen

47
Q

Bleaching

A

Redox reactions to decolorize

48
Q

metallurgy

A

purification/extraction of metals from ores

49
Q

corrosion

A

deterioration of a metal by oxidation

50
Q

respiration

A

Process of breathing using oxygen

51
Q

AB + CD —> CB + AD demonstrates what form of reaction

A

Double displacement

52
Q

is the oxidation agent above or below on the activity series

A

oxidation agent is below

53
Q

precipitation reactions are what type of reactions?

A

double displacement

54
Q

can non electrolytes dissociate in water?

A

no

55
Q

can nonelectrolytes conduct electricity

A

no

56
Q

can nonelectroyltes dissolve in water?

A

yes

57
Q

most electrolytes are what type of compounds?

A

ionic

58
Q

if an unknown solution is added to an active metal and bubbles has, is the solution acidic or basic?

A

acid

59
Q

what occurs if an acid solution is added to an active metal

A

bubbles of gas occur

60
Q

what ion is provided when Arrhenius bases dissolve in water?

A

OH-

chem 103 (7 decks)

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