Chapter 4: CHAPTER 4 Flashcards
What is Analytical Competency?
The ability to evaluate and interpret information to find meaningful patterns, make decisions, and solve real problems.
What is Information Competency?
The ability to gather and use information to solve problems.
Who are Knowledge Workers?
Individuals who add value to organizations through their intellectual capabilities.
What is Cognitive Style?
The way an individual deals with information while making decisions.
Who are Sensation Thinkers (STs)?
Individuals who emphasize the impersonal rather than the personal and take a realistic approach to problem-solving. They prefer hard facts, clear goals, certainty, and situations of high control.
Who are Intuitive Thinkers (ITs)?
Individuals who are comfortable with abstraction and unstructured situations. They tend to be idealistic, prone to intellectual and theoretical positions, logical, and impersonal but avoid details.
Who are Intuitive Feelers (IFs)?
Individuals who prefer broad and global issues. They are insightful, avoid details, are comfortable with intangibles, and value flexibility and human relationships.
Who are Sensation Feelers (SFs)?
Individuals who emphasize both analysis and human relations. They are realistic, prefer facts, are open communicators, and are sensitive to feelings and values.
What is Systematic Thinking?
An approach to problem-solving that is rational and analytical.
What is Intuitive Thinking?
An approach to problem-solving that is flexible and spontaneous.
Who are Problem Avoiders?
Individuals who ignore information that signals a performance threat or opportunity.
Who are Problem Solvers?
Individuals who are reactive and make decisions or solve problems when required.
Who are Problem Seekers?
Individuals who are proactive in looking for problems to solve and opportunities to explore.
What is a Complete Environment?
An environment that offers complete information on possible action alternatives and their consequences.
What is a Risk Environment?
An environment that lacks complete information but offers probabilities of likely outcomes for possible action alternatives.
What is an Uncertain Environment?
An environment that lacks so much information that it is difficult to assign probabilities to the likely outcomes of alternatives.
What is the Classical Decision Model?
A decision-making model that describes decision-making with complete information.
What is the Behavioral Decision Model?
A decision-making model that describes decision-making with limited information and bounded rationality.
What is Bounded Rationality?
A decision-making condition that consists of biased perceptions, imperfect information, and time pressures.
What is a Satisficing Decision?
A decision that chooses the first satisfactory alternative that presents itself.
What is an Optimizing Decision?
A decision that chooses the alternative providing the absolute best solution to a problem.
What is the Realistic Decision Model?
A decision model that emphasizes critical thinking informed by science and the broadest possible base of reliable information.
What is Realist Rationality?
An approach that recognizes human limitations and biases but proactively addresses them through rigorous fact-finding and in-depth analysis.
What is Evidence-Based Decision?
A decision-making approach that makes choices grounded in careful analysis of information and empirical data gathered from credible sources.
What is Lack-of-Participation Error?
A failure to include the right people in the decision-making process.
What is a Nonprogrammed Decision?
A decision that crafts a unique solution to a new and unstructured problem.
What are Spotlight Questions?
Questions that highlight the risks of public disclosure of one’s actions.
What is Big-C Creativity?
Creativity that occurs when extraordinary things are done by exceptional people.
What is Little-C Creativity?
Creativity that occurs when average people come up with unique ways to deal with daily events and situations.
What are Heuristics?
Strategies or shortcuts used to simplify the decision-making process.
What is the Availability Heuristic?
A decision-making shortcut that uses readily available information to assess a current situation.
What is the Representativeness Heuristic?
A decision-making shortcut that assesses the likelihood of an occurrence based on a stereotyped set of similar events.
What is the Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic?
A decision-making shortcut that adjusts a previously existing value or starting point to make a decision.
What is a Framing Error?
A mistake that occurs when a problem is evaluated and resolved within the context in which it is perceived.
What is a Confirmation Error?
A mistake that occurs when individuals attend only to information that confirms a decision already made.
What is Escalating Commitment?
The continuation of a course of action even though it is not working.
What is Big Data?
Large quantities of data that are difficult to process without using sophisticated mathematical and computing techniques.
