Chapter 4 Cellular Metabolism

Question 1

Metabolic reactions 2types

Answer 1

Anabolic and catabolic reactions

Question 2

Anabolic reaction

Answer 2

Larger. Molecules are constructed from smaller ones , a process requiring energy

Question 3

Catabolic reactions

Answer 3

Larger molecules are broken down, releasing energy.

Question 4

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 4

Removing a molecule of water to join two smaller molecules.

Question 5

Hydrolysis

Answer 5

Where a molecules of water is inserted into a polymer which is split into 2 smaller molecules

Question 6

Enzymes

Answer 6

Control the rates of all the metabolic reactions of the cell

Question 7

Enzyme function

Answer 7

Lower the activation energy of a reaction so it may begin and proceed more rapidly

Question 8

Each enzyme is specific, acting on only one kind of substrate

Answer 8

J

Question 9

Enzyme reaction

Answer 9

Depends on the number of enzyme and substrate molecules available

Question 10

How can enzymes (proteins) be denatured?

Answer 10

Heat, pH extremes, chemicals, electricity, radiation, and by other causes

Question 11

Energy

Answer 11

The capacity to do work

Question 12

Common forms of energy

Answer 12

Heat, light, sound, electrical, mechanical, and chemical energy

Question 13

Cells rely on what kind of energy

Answer 13

Chemical energy

Question 14

Release of chemical energy in the cell often occurs through the

Answer 14

Oxidation of glucose

Question 15

Glucose molecule

Answer 15

Monosaccharide

Question 16

Up to ______ molecules of ATP are produced for each molecule of glucose oxidized

Answer 16

38

Question 17

Anaerobic respiration (without oxygen)

Answer 17

First part is splitting of 6-c glucose that occurs through a series of enzyme catalyze steps called glycolysis
2.) result is two 3-c molecules of pyruvate

Question 18

Glycolysis occurs in the

Answer 18

Cytoskeleton and does not require oxygen

Question 19

Energy from ARP

Answer 19

Used to start the process but there is a net gain of energy as a result

Question 20

Aerobic respiration (oxygen needed)

Answer 20

Occurs within the mitochondria

Much greater gain of ATP molecules

Question 21

Final product of aerobic respiration

Answer 21

Carbon dioxide, water, and energy

Question 22

Metabolic pathways

Answer 22

A sequence of enzyme- controlled reactions

Specific order

Question 23

Rate of metabolic pathway

Answer 23

Determined by a regulatory enzyme responsible for one of its steps

Question 24

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer 24

Contains the genetic code needed for the synthesis of each protein(including enzymes)

Question 25

Genetic information

Answer 25

A gene is a portion of DNA molecule that contains the genetic information for making a single protein.

Question 26

Genome

Answer 26

All the DNA

Question 27

Nucleotides of DNA form a

Answer 27

Sugar-phosphate backbone with bases extending into the interior of the DNA molecule

Question 28

DNA replication

Answer 28

Each new cell must be provided with an exact replica of the parent cells DNA

Question 29

When does DNA replication occur

Answer 29

During interphase

Question 30

DNA replication

Answer 30

DNA molecule splits

Nucleotides form complementary pairs with the original strands

Question 31

DNA strands are compatible with those in the other strand…. What can be in the other strand

Answer 31

Adenine pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

Question 32

RNA

Answer 32

Copy and transfer specific info to the cytoplasm where proteins are manufactured

Question 33

RNA molecules

Answer 33

Single-stranded and contain ribose rather than deoxyribose, and uracil rather than thymine

Question 34

Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules

Answer 34

Synthesized in the nucleus in a sequence complementary to the DNA template in a process called transcription