Chapter 3 Cells

Question 1

Isotonic

Answer 1

Solution with the same osmotic pressure as body fluids

Question 2

Hypertonic

Answer 2

One with higher osmotic pressure than body fluids

Question 3

Hypotonic

Answer 3

One with lower osmotic pressure

Question 4

Filtration

Answer 4

Because of hydrostatic pressure, molecules can be forces through membranes by the process of filtration. Blood pressure is a type of hydrostatic pressure

Question 5

Active transport

Answer 5

Uses ATP to move molecules from areas of low concentration to an area of high concentration through carrier molecules in cell membranes.

Question 6

ATP

Answer 6

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 7

What fuels the process of active transport?

Answer 7

As much as 40% of cells energy

Question 8

What particles are actively transported?

Answer 8

Sugars, amino acids, sodium, potassium, calcium, hydrogen ions, and nutrient molecules in the intestines.

Question 9

Endocytosis

Answer 9

Molecules that are too large to be transported by other means are engulfed by and invagination of the cell membrane and carried into the cell surrounded by a vesicle.

Question 10

Exocytosis

Answer 10

Reverse of endocytosis

Question 11

Three forms of endocytosis

Answer 11

Pinocytosis, phagocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 12

Cell cycle

Answer 12

The series of changes a cell undergoes from the time it is formed until it reproduces

Question 13

Interphase

Answer 13

Period of great metabolic activity in which the sell crows and synthesizes new molecules and organelles

Question 14

S phase (syntheses)

Answer 14

The dna of the cell is replicated in preparation for cell division

Question 15

G1 (gap 1) G2 (Gap 2)

Answer 15

The cell grows and other structures are duplicated

Question 16

Mitosis

Answer 16

Carefully orchestrated division of the nucleus of the cell, results in each daughter cell receiving an exact copy of the the mothers cells genetic material

4 stages

Question 17

What are the 4 stages of mitosis?

Answer 17

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
PMAT

Question 18

Prophase

Answer 18

(1st stage of mitosis)- results in the DNA condensing into chromosomes, centrioles migrating to the poles, microtubules of the cytoskeleton reorganizing into spindle fibers, and the disappearance of the nuclear membrane.

Question 19

Metaphase

Answer 19

Occurs as spindle fibers attach to centromeres on the chromosomes and the chromosomes align midway between centrioles

Question 20

Anaphase

Answer 20

Occurs as the spindle fibers contract and pull the sister chomatids toward the centrioles

Question 21

Telophase

Answer 21

Final stage of mitosis, begins when the chromosomes have completed their migrations, the nuclear envelope reappears, and the chromosomes begin to unwind.

Question 22

Cytokinesis

Answer 22

Begins during anaphase of mitosis and continues as a contractile ring pinches the two new cells apart.

Question 23

Cell differentiation

Answer 23

Process by which cells develop into different types of cells with specialized functions

Question 24

Apoptosis

Answer 24

Form of cell death that is a normal part of development.