Chapter 4 Cells

Question 0

nucleolus

Answer 0

where special kind of RNA is made

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

where DNA is

Question 2

cell or plasma membrane

Answer 2

gatekeeper (cell boundary)
head- hydrophilic (likes water)
2 insoluble tails- hydrophobic (fear water)
made of double lipid bi-layer

Question 3

mitochondria

Answer 3

where energy is made

metabolism happens here

Question 4

ribosomes

Answer 4

where protein is made

Question 5

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

stores protein (ribosomes)

Question 6

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

makes carbs and lipids

Question 7

protein

Answer 7

enzymes (amino acids)

Question 8

Golgi apparatus (golgi complex)

Answer 8

packages and distributes finished cell products (macromolecules:carbs, lipids, protein, nucleic acids)

Question 9

lysosomes

Answer 9

digest unwanted cell parts and food absorbed by cell

Question 10

centrioles

Answer 10

cell reproduction

Question 11

cytoskeleton

Answer 11

made of

1. microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
2. gives structure to cell

Question 12

cytoplasm

Answer 12

filler for cell (water)

Question 13

flagellum

Answer 13

motion for cell to move

Question 14

pilus (pili plural)

Answer 14

exchanges genetic info between cells

Question 15

capsule

Answer 15

extra layer of cell protection

Question 16

nucleoid region

Answer 16

in a prokaryote

holds genetic info

Question 17

cell wall

Answer 17

protection for cell organelles

Question 18

differences between plants and animal cells

Answer 18

plants animals

• cell wall - no cell wall or chloroplast
• chloroplast (photosynthesis) - centrioles
• large vacuole (stores water)

Question 19

double lipid bi-layer (cell membrane made of this)

Answer 19

made of phospholipids

helps keep water in

Question 20

nuclear envelope

Answer 20

boundary of outer cell

Question 21

nuclear pores

Answer 21

things go in/out of nucleus

Question 22

peroxisomes

Answer 22

breaks up (neutralizes) harmful chemical reactions

Question 23

Cellulose (cell wall made of this in plant)

Answer 23

in a plant: protects cell from rupturing

Question 24

vacuole

Answer 24

stores water and starch for plant

Question 25

photosynthesis

Answer 25

turns solar energy into food energy in plant

Question 26

cytoskeleton made of 3 protein fibers

Answer 26

1. microfilaments
2. microtubules
   3,. intermediate filaments

Question 27

cilia

Answer 27

also for cell movement. like flagella

Question 28

3 types of ways to cross biological membrane

Answer 28

1. diffusion
2. membrane folding
3. transport proteins

Question 29

diffusion

Answer 29

moving a higher concentrated solute to lower concentration solution

Question 30

osmosis (3 types)

Answer 30

movement of water

1. hypertonic (shrivel up)
2. hypotonic (water burst)
3. isotonic (equal)

Question 31

hypertonic

Answer 31

inside cell

more solute than solution causing it to shrivel up through crenation

Question 32

crenate

Answer 32

when cell shrivels up in hypertonic

Question 33

hypotonic

Answer 33

more water than solute causing it to burst

Question 34

isotonic

Answer 34

equal solute and solution

Question 35

membrane folding (2 types)

Answer 35

• endocytosis= engulfing large substance outside of cell into cell
• exocytosis= discharging substances out of cell

Question 36

selective permeability (3 types)

Answer 36

1. selective diffusion= open channels based on size
2. facilitated diffusion= protein carrier to specific molecules
3. active transport= energy used to pump substances against concentrate