Chapter 4- Cell Structure

Question 1

Matthias Schleidan

Answer 1

Recognized individualized cells in plants

Question 2

Theodor Schwann

Answer 2

Recognized individualized animal cells

Question 3

Cell Theory 3 Principles

Answer 3

1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells
2) Cells are the basic unit of all organisms
3) Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell

Question 4

Rate of diffusion variables

Answer 4

1) Surface Area
2) Temperature
3) Concentration gradient of diffusion substance
4) Distance over which diffusion must occur

Question 5

Why are small cells more efficient than larger less?

Answer 5

Surface area-to-volume Ratio

Question 6

Surface area- to-volume Ratio

Answer 6

Small cells have more surface area per unit of volume than large ones

Question 7

Resolution

Answer 7

The minimum distance 2 points can be apart and still be distinguished as 2 separate points

Question 8

Light Microscope

Answer 8

• Operate with visible light

- Uses 2 magnifying lenses

Question 9

Compound Microscope

Answer 9

-Magnifying in stages using several lenses

Question 10

Electron Microscope

Answer 10

Shorter wavelength

1) Transmission
2) Scanning

Question 11

Transmission electron Microscope

Answer 11

• Transmits through material

- Inside cells

Question 12

Scanning Electron Microscope

Answer 12

• Surface of the specimen

- EX: bugs face

Question 13

Immunohistochrmistry

Answer 13

This method used antibodies that bind to a specific macromolecule
- A certain stain will stick to an antibody

Question 14

Robert hook

Answer 14

1st to observe cells

Question 15

Immunogistochemistry

Answer 15

This method uses antibodies that bind to a specific macromolecule

Question 16

4 major features all cells have in common:

Answer 16

1) a nucleons or nucleus with genetic material
2) cytoplasm
3) ribosomes to synthesize proteins
4) plasma membrane

Question 17

What does every cell contain?

Answer 17

DNA

Question 18

Prokaryotes

Answer 18

Genetic material lies in a single circular molecule of DNA that resides near the center of the cell➡️ Nucleoid

Question 19

Is the Nucleoid separated by a membrane?

Answer 19

NO

Question 20

Eukaryotes

Answer 20

DNA is contained in the nucleus which is surrounded by a double-membrane structure➡️ Nuclear envelope

Question 21

Cytoplasm

Answer 21

• Semifuid matrix that fills the interior of the cell
• Contains the sugar, amino acids, and protein
• Jello consistency

Question 22

Organelle

Answer 22

Specialized for a particular function

Question 23

Cytosol

Answer 23

Part of the cytoplasm that contains organic molecules and ion in solution

Question 24

Plasma Membrane

Answer 24

• Enclosed a cell and separates its contents from its surroundings
• Phospholipid bilayer

Question 25

Transport Protein

Answer 25

Help molecules and ions more across the plasma membrane

Question 26

Receptor proteins

Answer 26

Induce changes with the cell when they come I co tact with specific molecules in the environment such as hormones