Chapter 4 - Cell Metabolism

Question 0

What’s the difference between catabolism and anabolism.

Answer 0

Catabolism occurs when large molecules are broken down to smaller ones and it releases energy, whereas Anabolism requires energy and it occurs when small molecules are built up into larger ones.

Question 1

Define Metabolism.

Answer 1

All the chemical reactions occurring in a living organism.

Question 2

What is the role of an Enzyme?

Answer 2

Enzymes are organic substances (usually proteins) that increases the speed of chemical changes without being altered or destroyed in the change. Aka. Organic Catalyst

Question 3

Why are enzymes SO SPECIAL?

Answer 3

Not only do enzymes decrease activation energy but they also allow the reactions to proceed at a rate that suits the body’s requirements.

Question 4

Lock & Key Diagram:

Answer 4

Enzyme + Substrate -> Enzyme-Substrate Complex -> Enzyme + Products

Question 5

Factors that affect Enzyme activity:

Answer 5

• Concentration
• Temperature
• pH
• Co-Factors change the shape of the active site so that the enzyme can combine with the substrate.
• Many enzymes require the presence of certain ions/ non-protein molecules before they will catalyze a reaction

Question 6

Define a Catalyst.

Answer 6

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.

Question 7

Define Cellular Respiration.

Answer 7

Nutrients absorbed from food are taken into cells and are broken down in the cells to release merge for the cell’s activities.

Question 8

Most of the energy released by Cellular Respiration is?

Answer 8

Heat; cells cannot utilize heat energy, but it is important in keeping the body temperature, because heat is continually lost to the environment.

Question 9

ATP formula:

Answer 9

Stored Energy + Water -> Used Energy + Phosphate + Energy

ATP + H2O -> ADP + P + Energy

Question 10

What is Anaerobic Respiration?

Answer 10

Glycolysis; It is the breakdown of glucose which does not require any oxygen.

Question 11

What is Glycolysis?

Answer 11

Glycolysis and the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid occurs in the cytoplasm because the enzymes required for anaerobic respiration is in the cytoplasm.

Question 12

What happens to the Lactic Acid?

Answer 12

Lactic Acid from anaerobic respiration is taken by the blood to liver, where it can be recombined with O2 to form C6H12O6 and eventually glycogen.

Question 13

What is Aerobic Respiration?

Answer 13

It is the complete breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water which requires Oxygen and it takes place in the Mitochondria.

Question 14

How is Oxygen “Debt” “Repaid”?

Answer 14

By converting Lactic Acid to Glucose. (Recovery Oxygen)

Question 15

What are some ways energy is used in?

Answer 15

• Building Complex Molecules
• Cell Division and Growth
• Movement of cell organelles
• Movement of the whole cell
• Maintaining Cell Organization
• Active Transport
• Transmission of Nerve Impulses

Question 16

Define Synthesis.

Answer 16

Synthesis is the combining of small molecules to make larger molecules which requires matter in the form of small molecules to be joined and energy to form the chemical bonds that hold the smaller units together.

Question 17

What are Lipids broken down into?

Answer 17

Fatty acids and Glycerol

Question 18

What are Proteins broken down into?

Answer 18

Amino acids which can also be a sources of energy but only if supply of carbohydrates and lipids is inadequate.

Question 19

Use of Minerals?

Answer 19

Maybe be a part of enzymes, May function as co-factors for enzymes or be part of substances like ATP that are involved in metabolism.

Question 20

Use of Vitamins?

Answer 20

Vitamins acts as co-enzymes for many of the chemical reactions of metabolism.