Chapter 4: Carbon + molecular diversity

Question 1

how many valence electrons and covalent bonds in hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen

Answer 1

1 for hydrogen, 2 for oxygen, 3 for nitrogen, 4 for carbon

Question 2

methane

Answer 2

CH4 - tetrahedral

Question 3

ethane

Answer 3

C2H6

Question 4

Ethene

Answer 4

2 carbons joined by double bond C2H4

Question 5

isomers

Answer 5

compounds with the same number of atoms but differing structures resulting in different properties

Question 6

structural isomer

Answer 6

different covalent arrangements with SINGLE bonds

Question 7

cis-trans-isomers

Answer 7

cis means saner side while trans is opposite sides and have DOUBLE bonds resulting in less flexibility

Question 8

enantiomers

Answer 8

mirror images of each other but carbon has different atoms bonded to it

Question 9

functional group

Answer 9

the number and arrangements of functional groups give molecules its unique properties and ONLY SULFHYDRYL is non polar

Question 10

Carboxyl + phosphate

Answer 10

-COOH (acid) -OPO3^2- (ATP) both negative charges

Question 11

Amino

Answer 11

-+NH3 (amino) positively charged

Question 12

hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, carbonyl, aldehyde

Answer 12

-OH (alcohol) , -C=O (ketones/aldehydes), -SH (disulfide bonds in protein folding) , -C=O and H
all neutral but polar

Question 13

ATP

Answer 13

adenosine triphosphate stores potential to react with water and release energy that cells use

Question 14

stanley miller and harold urey

Answer 14

conducted an experiment to answer the question of if organic molecules can be made abiotically (without living things) with early earth atmosphere.
it was found that all 5 nitrogenous bases in DNA/RNA, 17/20 aa, and sugars were found