Chapter 4: Carbohydrates

Question 1

What are the carbohydrate molecules?

Answer 1

Simple and Complex carbohydrates

Question 2

What are simple carbohydrates?

Answer 2

-Monosaccharides (1 suagr molecule)
-Disaccharides (2 sugar molecules)

Question 3

What are complex carbohydrates

Answer 3

-Oligosaccharides (3-10 sugar molecules)
-Polysaccharides (10+ sugar molecules)

Question 4

what is sucrose

Answer 4

glucose + fructose

Question 5

What is Maltose

Answer 5

glucose + glucose

Question 6

What is Lactose

Answer 6

Glucose + galactose

Question 7

What are Disaccharides

Answer 7

sucrose, Maltose, Lactose

Question 8

What do pancreatic hormones work to maintain?

Answer 8

Blood glucose

Question 8

What does insulin do?

Answer 8

When your blood glucose is too high it lowers your blood glucose

Question 9

What does Glucagon do?

Answer 9

When your blood glucose is too low it increases your blood glucose

Question 10

What are complex carbohydrates

Answer 10

-oligosaccharides
-polysaccharides

Question 11

What is the ultimate goal of carbohydrate digestion

Answer 11

-Break down large, complex molecules
-Starches → small, absorbable monosaccharides

Question 12

In carbohydrate digestion what enzymes are required

Answer 12

enzymes produced by the salivary glands, pancreas, and small intestine

Question 13

What happens in carbohydrate absorption?

Answer 13

The blood sugar levels increase, stimulating the pancreas to secrete insulin.

Question 14

What digestive enzymes, glycosidic bonds that hold sugar molecules together are broken

Answer 14

Salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase, maltase, dextrinase

Question 15

How do you calculate grams of CHO from percentage of total calories

Answer 15

Multiply the foods total weight in grams by its carb percentage

Question 16

What does the refined grain-based foods contain

Answer 16

high levels of solid fats, added sugars, and sodium

Question 17

what are the parts of the grain

Answer 17

-the bran
-the germ
-the endosperm

Question 18

What is the bran part of the grain

Answer 18

The outer layer of a grain; contains the most fiber

Question 19

What is the germ layer part of the grain

Answer 19

The portion of a grain that contains most of its vitamins and minerals

Question 20

What is the endosperm layer part of the grain

Answer 20

The portion of a grain that contains mostly starch

Question 21

what is dietary fiber

Answer 21

fiber that naturally occurs in plants

Question 22

what is functional fiber

Answer 22

fiber that is added to food to provide beneficial physiological effects

Question 23

What is total fiber

Answer 23

the combination of dietary fiber and functional fiber

Question 24

What is soluble fiber

Answer 24

Dietary fiber that dissolves in water

Question 25

What is insoluble fiber

Answer 25

Dietary fiber that does not dissolve in water

Question 26

What does fiber protect against

Answer 26

coronary heart disease and colon cancer

Question 27

what should people consume to increase fiber consumption

Answer 27

more fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain food

Question 28

what is hypoglycemia

Answer 28

decrease in blood glucose

Question 29

What happens when blood glucose level is low

Answer 29

“Glucagon” breaks down liver glycogen to maintain adequate levels of blood glucose

Question 30

When blood glucose level is increased what happens

Answer 30

the pancreas releases more insulin → insulin lowers blood
glucose → facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells

Question 31

After a normal meal blood sugar (glucose) does what

Answer 31

drops below the normal level after a meal

Question 32

When does low blood glucose levels occur

Answer 32

-without a preceding meal
-occurs after an extended period of fasting for several hours

Question 33

Type 1 diabetes requires what

Answer 33

external insulin

Question 34

What is Type 2 Diabetes caused by

Answer 34

insulin resistance