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Ochem > Chapter 4 book > Flashcards

Chapter 4 book Flashcards

1
Q

Acyclic alkanes

A

CnH2n+2 and are linear or branched and sp3 and tetrahedral

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2
Q

cycloalkanes

A

contains C on rings CnHn

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3
Q

Constitutional isomers

A

differ how atoms are connected

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4
Q

Methylene group

A

CH2

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5
Q

Homologous series

A

Compounds differ by 1 CH2

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6
Q

Systematic naming

A

rules of nomenclature and compounds by chemical structure using IUPAC

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7
Q

Generic naming

A

Official and internationally approved name of drug

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8
Q

trade naming

A

name assigned by company that manufacters it

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9
Q

Parent name

A

of longest carbon chain

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10
Q

suffix

A

indicates functional group

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11
Q

prefix

A

indicates identity, location, and # of substituents

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12
Q

How to name alkanes

A

Prefix+Parent+Suffix

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13
Q

Alkyl groups

A

remove 1 H from alkane

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14
Q

Propyl

A

parent-CH2CH2CH3

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15
Q

isopropyl

A

parent-CH(CH3)2

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16
Q

butyl

A

parent-CH2CH2CH2CH3

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17
Q

sec-butyl

A

CH3CHCH2CH#
. |
. Parent

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18
Q

isobutyl

A

CH2CH(CH3)2

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19
Q

tert-butyl

A

C(CH3)3

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20
Q

Naming cycloalkane

A

prefix+cyclo+parent+suffix

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21
Q

Are alkane polar or nonpolar

A

nonpolar

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22
Q

What type of forces do they have

A

Van Der Waals

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23
Q

Explain alkane boiling and melting points

A

normally low
# of C increase=increase surface area=increase BP and MP
If branched=decreases surface area=decrease BP
If branched=increase symmetry=increase MP

24
Q

What are alkanes soluble in

A

organic solvents

25
Q

stereochemistry

A

3-D structure

26
Q

Conformations

A

different arrangements of atoms interconverted by rotation around single bond

27
Q

eclipsed conformations

A

C-H bonds on 1 C aligned with C-H on adjacent C

28
Q

staggered conformations

A

C-H bonds on 1 C bisect H-C-H bond on other C

29
Q

How do you change an eclipse into a staggered

A

rotate 60 degrees

30
Q

dihedral angle

A

angle separates bond on 1 atom from bond on adjacent atom

31
Q

Newman project

A

shows 3 groups bonded to each C-C with dihedral angles

32
Q

Is staggered or eclipsed more stable

A

staggered

33
Q

torsional energy

A

difference between staggered and eclipsed

34
Q

torsional strain

A

increase in energy caused by eclipsed interactions

35
Q

Which conformation has greater energy for a CH3CH3

A

eclipsed

36
Q

anti conformation

A

2 larger groups 180 degres from each other in staggered

37
Q

gauche conformation

A

2 larger groups 60 degrees from each other in staggered

38
Q

steric strain

A

increase energy resulting when atoms forced too close to each other

39
Q

Angle strain

A

increase energy when tetrahedral bond angle is not 109.5

40
Q

baeyer stain theory

A

rings with bond angles different from tetrahedral bond angle

41
Q

what does chair form do

A

eliminates angle and torsional strain

42
Q

axial substituent

A

above and below ring

43
Q

equatorial substituent

A

in-plane of ring

44
Q

When there are 2 large substituents what conformation is most stable

A

conformation with both substituents equatorial

45
Q

stereoisomers

A

differ in how molecules are oriented

46
Q

Cis

A

2 groups on same side

47
Q

Trans

A

2 groups on opposite side

48
Q

When is a 1,4-dimethylcyclohexane trans and cis

A

trans when both substituents are either axial or equatioral
cis when one is axial and one is equatioral

49
Q

What reaction occurs with alkanes

A

Redox

50
Q

When is a compound reduced

A

C-H increases C-Z decreases and gain of e-

51
Q

when is a compound oxidized

A

C-H decreased C-Z increased and loss of e-

52
Q

Combustion

A

a compound burns in presence of O to make CO2 and H2O

53
Q

lipids

A

biomolecules with properties of alkanes and hydrocarbons

54
Q

What type of solvent are lipids soluble in

A

inorganic solvents

55
Q

waxes

A

2 long C chains joined by O

56
Q

prostaglandins

A

C-C, C-H, and COOH group

Ochem (10 decks)

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