Chapter 4: Basic Food Chemistry: The Nature of Matter Flashcards
Define chemistry.
The study of matter
Name the three subatomic particles, their charges, and their location.
- Proton (+), nucleus
- Neutron, nucleus
- Electron (-), in orbitals around the nucleus
Define an element.
A substance that contains only one kind of atom.
Differentiate the atomic number and the atomic mass.
Atomic number: number of protons
Atomic mass: sum of protons + neutrons
What will elements on the same column experience? Why?
Similar properties because they contain the same amount of electrons on their outer shell
Define a compound.
Substance in which 2 or more elements chemically combine.
What’s a basic unit of a compound?
Molecule
What are the roles of structural formulas?
To show how atoms connect to a carbon
Up to how many shells can atoms have?
7
When are atoms most stable?
When their outer shell is full of electrons (8)
What will happen if an atom isn’t stable?
Share or transfer electrons from another atom
Define ionic bonds.
When electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
What’s a cation? Anion?
Cation: + ion
Anion: - ion
Define covalent bonds.
When atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
How many electrons can the first atomic shell hold?
2 e-
