chapter 4 and 5 Flashcards
Describe the three parenting styles.
- Authoritarian: parents impose rules and expect obedience, “because I say so”
- Permissive: parents submit to their children’s desires.
- Authoritative: Parents are both demanding and responsive, explain rules for a reason, “don’t do this because”
Identify the disorder in which women experience greater risk.
• Depression and eating disorders
Describe characteristics of children with a positive self-concept
• More confident, independent, optimistic, assertive and sociable
Define the contributions of Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg.
- Piaget: a child’s mind is not a miniature version of an adults, schemes
- Kohlberg: moral ladder, must pass by each step to move onto the next
- Define attachment with examples.
• An emotional tie with another person, shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation
Define norms with examples.
• An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe “proper” behavior
Compare the influence of parents and peers in regard to choices and preferences.
- Teens become independent from parents
* While younger children rely more on parents
Describe Piaget’s stages of cognitive development.
4 Stages
- sensory motor: Birth to 2 years; experiencing the world through senses and actions
- Preoperational: 2 to 7 years; representing things with words and images
- Concrete operational: 7 to 11 years; thinking logically about concrete events
- Formal Operational: 12 through adulthood; abstract reasoning
Identify the approximate age at which a child will recognize his/her own reflection in the mirror.
- At around 18 months old
- Rouge Experiment: 8-month-old babies would put rouge on nose and show the reaction of face in the mirror, baby would touch the mirror thinking it was another child and not his own reflection. At 2 when the same thing was done the child touched his own nose knowing that was his own reflection.
. Different between “easy,” difficult,” and “slow to warm up” children.
• Difference in temperament (easy going= quiet and placid)(difficult=more irritable, and unpredictable) (slow to warm up= resist or withdraw from new people and situations)
Describe the level of marital satisfaction among employed women and the task of raising children.
• There maybe a decline in satisfaction when a child is added and a women is employed because the women is expected to work and take care of the traditional roles at home such as cleaning and cooking.
Describe how individualist and collectivist cultures affect people
• Both share human need to belong, but in the individualist culture people are most interested in themselves, and in collectivist culture they are more concerned with the well being of the group as a whole.
Identify when infants begin to fear strangers
at about 8 months
Define gender role.
• Set of expected behaviors for males or females
Describe Eriksons stages of psychosocial development.
• 8 stages page 196
o infancy to 1 year: trust vs. mistrust, if needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust
o toddlerhood (1 to 3 years): autonomy vs. shame and doubt, toddlers learn to exercise their wil and do things for themselves
o preschool (3 to 6 years): initiative vs. guilt, preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans
o Elementary (6 to puberty): Competence vs. inferiority, teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity
o Adolescence teens into 20’s: Identity vs. role confusion, teens work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity
o Young Adulthood 20’s to 40’s: Intimacy vs. isolation
o Middle adulthood 40’s to 60’s: generactivity vs stagnation, discover a sense of contributing to the world
o Late adulthood 60’s and up; integrity vs. despair; reflecting on his or her life an older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure
