chapter 4 and 5 Flashcards
what is neural plasticity?
neural plasticity is the ability of the brains neural structure or function to be changed throughout the lifespan
what is long term potention? LTP
long term potential is the long-lasting strengthening of synaptic connections.
what is long term depression? LTD
the long term depression is the long-lasting decrease in the strength of synaptic transmission
what is the role of the neurohormone adrenaline?
the role of adrenaline can enhance the consolidation of the long term memories of emotionally arousing experiences where events are more likely to be remembered. where the adrenaline is absorbed by the bloodstream and carried out to target neurons or cells
what is the role of the brain structure amygdala?
the amygdala activates the release of noradrenaline where it regulates memory consolidation and storage
what is the process of classical conditioning?
is a three phase process (before conditioning, during conditioning and after conditioning)
a type of learning that occurs through the repeated association of two (or more) different stimuli
that results in the involuntary association between a neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response,
what is the process of operant conditioning?
it is a a three-phase model of operant conditioning
(antecedent, behaviour, consequence) operant conditioning is a type of learning for which the consequences of a behaviour (e.g reward or punishment) determine the likelihood that it will be performed again in the future
what is the process of observational learning?
observational learning as a method of social learning, particularly in children, involving attention, retention, reproduction, motivation and reinforcement
what is the role of the input of the learner?
the role of the input of the learner includes involuntary and voluntary
what is stimulus generalization?
stimulus genralization is the tendency for similar stimuli to produce the same, but not necessarily identical, response
what is stimulus discrimination?
stimulus discrimination is the ability to distinguish between two (or more) different stimuli, even if the stimuli are similar
what is extinction?
extinction in relation to conditioning, the gradual decrease in the strength of a response;
in classical conditioning, extinction occurs over time when the unconditioned stimulus is not presented;
in operant conditioning, extinction occurs over time when reinforcement ceases
what is spontaneous recovery?
spontaneous recovery the reappearance of a conditioned response following a rest period and after its apparent extinction
what are some ethical considerations in the little Albert experiment?
here were ethical issues in Little Albert experiment. For instance, Watson harmed little Albert by instilling the fear of white rats in him. Such fear did not exist prior to the experiment. Further, Watson did not follow the principle of free consent and did not give participants the right to withdraw.
what is positive reinforcement?
positive reinforcement is the presentation of a positive reinforcer following the desired response which strengthens a response making it more likely to occur again by providing a pleasant consequence
