Chapter 4; Anatomy, Physiology, and Disease Flashcards
afferent neurons
neurons that relay information to the CNS
Alzheimer disease
progressive neurological disorder that results from the degeneration of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and low levels of the neurotransmitter acetycholine
anatomy
the study of body structure
asthma
an inflammatory disorder that affects the bronchial tubes of the lungs, characterized by bronchospasms, airway constriction, mucous membrane swelling, and increased mucus production
autonomic nervous system (ANS):
responsible for involuntary control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
bradycardia:
a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minutes
central nervous system (CNS):
the brain and spinal cord
congestive heart failure (CHF):
condition the results from the hearts inability to pump enough blood to vital parts of the body, often leading to an increase in blood pressure and an excess retention of fluid in the lungs, liver, and other parts of the body.
coronary artery disease (CAD)
condition affecting the blood vessels that feed the hear muscle, allowing a build-up of plaque inside the vessels that over time causes them to narrow, thicken, and become unable to carry blood to other parts of the body.
Diabetes
a disorder of the pancreas involving production of insulin
disease
anything that upsets the structure of function of a part, organ, or system of the body
efferent neurons
neurons that carry information from the CNS to muscles and glands
emphysema
a chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder that occurs when the alveoli are permanently enlarged due to exposure to outside irritants like cigarette smoke or air pollution.
epidemiology:
the study of epidemics caused by infectious agents, toxic agents, air pollution, and other health-related phenomena
master gland
the pituitary gland, which releases the hormones that affect how other glands work
osteoporosis:
a bone disorder in which bones become fragile due to a lack of normal calcium salt deposits and a decrease in bone protein
parasympathetic nervous system
part of the ANS, includes fibers that originate in the brain stem and sacral regions of the spinal cord
Parkinson disease
progressive neurologic disorder usually caused by the death of cell sin the part of the brain that produces dopamine
peripheral nervous system (PNS):
all nerves other than the brain and spinal cord
physiology
the study of how the body functions
somatic nervous system
responsible for voluntarily control of the skeletal system
sympathetic nervous system
part of the ANS, includes fivers that originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord
tachycardia
a heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute
