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MILADY'S FUNDAMENTALS FOR ESTHETICIANS > CHAPTER 4 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

CHAPTER 4 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Constructive metabolism; the process of the building up larger molecules from smaller ones.

A

ANABOLISM

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2
Q

The study of the structure of the body that can be seen with the naked eye and what is made up of; the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts.

A

ANATOMY

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3
Q

Artery that supplies blood to the side of the nose.

A

ANGULAR ARTERY

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4
Q

Artery that supplies blood tho the front part of the ear.

A

ANTERIOR AURICULAR ARTERY

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5
Q

Tendon that connects the occipitalis and the frontalis

A

APONEUROSIS

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6
Q

Thick walled muscular and flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries throughout the body.

A

ARTERIES

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7
Q

One of the two upper chambers of the heart through which blood is pumped to the ventricles (plural : atria)

A

ATRIUM

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8
Q

Nerve that affects the external ear and skin above the temple; up to the top of the skull

A

AURICULOTEMPERAL NERVE

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9
Q

Muscle in front of the ear that draws the ear forward

A

AURICULARIS ANTERIOR

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10
Q

Muscle behind the ear that draws ear backward

A

AURICULARIS POSTERIOR

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11
Q

Muscle above the ear that draws the ear upward

A

AURICULARIS SUPERIOR

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12
Q

The part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles; regulates the action of the smooth muscles glands, blood vessels, and heart

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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13
Q

The process or extension of a neuron by which impulses are sent away from the body of the cell.

A

AXON

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14
Q

Middle part of a muscle

A

BELLY(MUSCLE)

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15
Q

Muscle producing the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm

A

BICEPS

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16
Q

Nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system( heart, veins, arteries and capillaries) to supply oxygen and nutrients to cell and tissues, and to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them

A

BLOOD

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17
Q

Group of structures (heart, arteries , veins and capillaries) that distribute blood throughout the body.

A

BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM

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18
Q

Part of tthe central nervous system contained in the cranium : largest and most complex nerve tissue; controls sensation , muscles , glandular activity, and the power to think and feel

A

BRAIN

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19
Q

Nerve that affects the muscles of the mouth

A

BUCCAL NERVE

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20
Q

Thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips

A

BUCCINATOR

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21
Q

Thin walled blood vessels that connects the smaller arteries to the veins

A

CAPILLARIES

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22
Q

The involuntary muscle that makes up the heart

A

CARDIAC MUSCLE

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23
Q

The wrist; flexible joint composed of a group of eight small; irregular bones held together by ligaments

A

CARPUS

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24
Q

The phase of metabolism that involves the breaking down of complex compounds within the cells into smaller ones, often resulting in the release of energy to perform functios such a muscular efforts, secretions or digestions.

A

CATABOLISM

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25
Q

Basic unit of all living things; minute massof protoplasm capable of performing all the fundamental functiions of life.

A

CELL

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26
Q

Part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell.

A

CELL MEMBRANE

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27
Q

Cerebrospinal nervous system; consist of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves.

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CEREBROSPINAL)

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28
Q

Nerve located at the side of the neck that affects the front and sides of the neck as far down as the breastbone.

A

CERVICAL CUTANEOUS NERVE

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29
Q

Nerve that affects the side of the neck and the platysma muscle.

A

CERVICAL NERVE (BRANCH OF THE FACIAL NERVE)

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30
Q

Nerves that originates at the spinal cord, whose branches supply the muscles and scalp at the back of the head and neck.

A

CERVICAL NERVES

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31
Q

The seven bones of the top part of the vertebral column, located in the neck region.

A

CERVICAL VERTEBRAE

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32
Q

System that controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels.

A

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

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33
Q

Collarbone: bone joining the sternum and scapula

A

CLAVICLE

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34
Q

Arteries that supply blood to the face, head and neck

A

COMMON CAROTID ARTERIES

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35
Q

Fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and support the various parts of the body such as bone,cartillage, and tendons

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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36
Q

Facial muscle that draws eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically.

A

CORRUGATOR MUSCLE

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37
Q

Oval, bony case that protects the brain.

A

CRANIUM

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38
Q

All the protoplasm of a cell except that which is the nucleus; the watery fluid that contains food material necessary for growth, reproduction and self repair of the cell.

A

CYTOPLASM

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39
Q

Large , triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body.

A

DELTOID

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40
Q

Tree like branching of nerve fibers extending from a nerve cell; short nerve fibers that carry impulses toward the cell.

A

DENDRITES

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41
Q

Muscle surrounding the lower lip; depresses the lower lip and draws it to one side; also known as quardratus labii inferious.

A

DEPRESSOR LABII INFERIORIS

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42
Q

Muscular wall that seperates the thorax from the abdominal region and helps control breathing.

A

DIAPHRAGM

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43
Q

Chemicals that charge certain kinds of food into a foam that can be used by the body.

A

DIGESTIVE ENZYMES

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44
Q

The mouth stomach, intestines and salivary and gastric glands that change food into nutrients and wastes.

A

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

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45
Q

Nerve that with its branches, supplies the fingers and toes.

A

DIGITAL NERVE

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46
Q

Glands (such as the thyroid , pituitary and suprarenal glands) that release hormonal secretions directly into the bloodstream.

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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47
Q

Broad muscle that covers the top of the skull; also called occipito-frontalis

A

EPICRANIUS

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48
Q

Protective covering on body surfaces, such as the skin, mucous membrane, and the linning of the heart , digestive and respiratory organs, and glands

A

EPHITELIAL TISSUE

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49
Q

Light spongy bone between the eye sockets that forms part of the nasal cavities

A

ETHMOID BONE

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50
Q

Group organs including the kidneys,liver , skin, large intestine and the lungs that purifys the body by the elimination of waste matter.

A

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

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51
Q

Glands that produce a substance that travels through small tubelike ducts, such as the sudoriferous (sweat ) glands and the sebaceaous (oil) glands

A

EXOCRINE (DUCTS) GLANDS

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52
Q

Muscles that straighten the wrist, hand and fingers to form a straight line.

A

EXTENSOR

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53
Q

Artery that supplies blood to the anterior parts of the scalp, ear , face , neck and side of the head.

A

EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY

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54
Q

Vein located on the side of the neck that carries blood returning to the heart from the head, face and neck

A

EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN

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55
Q

Artery that supplies blood to the lower region of the face, mouth and nose; also called external maxillary artery.

A

FACIAL ARTERY

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56
Q

Chief sensory nerve of the face; controls chewing; also known as trifacial or trigerminal nerve.

A

FIFTH CRANIAL NERVE

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57
Q

Extensor muscles of the wrist, involved in flexing the wrist.

A

FLEXORS

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58
Q

Artery that supplies blood to the forehead and upper eyelids

A

FRONTAL ARTERY

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59
Q

Bone forming to the forehead.

A

FRONTAL BONE

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60
Q

Anterior or front portion of the epicranium; muscle of the scalp.

A

FRONTALIS

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61
Q

Specialized organs that remove certain constituents from the blood to convert them into new compounds.

A

GLANDS

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62
Q

Nerve at the sides of the neck affecting the face, ears , neck and parotid glands.

A

GREATER AURICULAR NERVE

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63
Q

Nerve located in the back of the head, affecting the scalp.

A

GREATER OCCIPITAL NERVE

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64
Q

Muscular cone-shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system

A

HEART

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65
Q

Coloring matter of the blood ;the oxygen-carrying pigment in the blood and iron-containing protein in red blood cells

A

HEMOGLOBIN

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66
Q

Science of the minute structure of organic tissues, microscopic anatomy

A

HISTOLOGY

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67
Q

Secretion produced by one of the endocrine glands and carried by the bloodstream or body fluid to another part of the body or body organ to stimulate functional activity or secretion

A

HORMONES

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68
Q

Uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder

A

HUMERUS

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69
Q

U shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles also called Adams apple

A

HYOID BONE

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70
Q

Artery that supplies blood to the lower lip

A

INFERIOR LABIAL ARTERY

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71
Q

Artery that originates from the internal maxillary artery and supplies blood to the muscles of the eye.

A

INFRAORBITAL NERVE

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72
Q

Parts of the muscle at the more movable attachment to the skeleton.

A

INSERTION

73
Q

The skin and its accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors , hair and nails.

A

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

74
Q

Artery that supplies blood the brain, eyes, eyelids , forehead , nose,and internal ear.

A

INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY

75
Q

Vein located at the side of the neck to collect blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck.

A

INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN

76
Q

Connection between two or more bones of the skeleton

A

JOINT

77
Q

Small thin bones located in the anterior medial wall of the orbits (eye sockets)

A

LACRIMAL BONES

78
Q

Broad flat superficial muscle covering the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back , controlling the shoulder blade and the swinging movements of the arm.

A

LATISSIMUS DORSI

79
Q

Muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward;also known as caninus

A

LEVATOR ANGULI ORIS

80
Q

Muscle surrounding the upper lips; elevates the upper lips and dillates the nostrils as in expressing distance, also know as quadratus labii superiousis

A

LEVATOR LABII SUPERIOSIS

81
Q

Body tissue that carries food, waste products, and hormones by means of blood and lymph.

A

LIPID TISSUE

82
Q

Organs of respiration; spongy tissues composed of microscopic cells in which inhaled air is exchanged for carbon dioxide during one respiratory cycle.

A

LUNGS

83
Q

Clear yellowish fluid that circulates in the lymph spaces (lymphatic) of the body ; carries waste and impurities away from the cells.

A

LYMPH

84
Q

Glandlike bodies in the lymphatic vessels that filter lymph.

A

LYMPH NODES

85
Q

Body system that acts as an aid to the blood system and consists of the lymph spaces, vessels and lymph glands.

A

LYMPH VASCULAR SYSTEM

86
Q

Lower jawbone; largest and strongest bone of the face.

A

mandible

87
Q

branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies the muscles and skin of the lower part of the face; also nerve that affects the muscles of the chin and lower lip.

A

mandibular nerve

88
Q

one of the muscles of the jaws used in mastication(chewing)

A

masseter

89
Q

bones of the upper jaw

A

maxillae

90
Q

branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies the upper part of the face.

A

maxillary nerve

91
Q

nerve, smaller than the the ulnar and radial nerves, that supplies the arm and hand.

A

median nerve

92
Q

nerve that affects the skin of the lower lip and chin.

A

mental nerve

93
Q

muscles that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin.

A

mentalis

94
Q

bones of the palm of the hand; parts of the hand containing five bones between the carpus and phalanges

A

metacarpus

95
Q

artery that supplies the blood to the temples

A

middle temporal artery

96
Q

cells dividing into two new cells (daughter cells) the usual process of cell reproduction of human tissues.

A

mitosis

97
Q

nerves that carry impulses from the brain to the muscles.

A

motor (efferent ) nerves

98
Q

body system that covers , shapes , and supports the skeleton tissue; contacts and moves various parts of the body.

A

muscular system

99
Q

tissue that contracts and moves various parts of the body.

A

muscular tissue

100
Q

bones that form a bridge of the nose.

A

nasal bones

101
Q

nerve that affects the point and lower sides of the nose

A

nasal nerve

102
Q

tissue that controls and coordinates all body functiions

A

nerve tissue

103
Q

whitish card made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue , through which impulses are transmitted

A

nerve

104
Q

body system composed of the brain, spinal cord and nerves ; controls and coordinates all other system and makes them work harmoniusly and efficiently

A

nerve system

105
Q

nerve cell basic unit of the nervous system, consisting of a cell body, nuclues ,dendrites and axon

A

neuron

106
Q

also called involuntary , visceral, or smooth muscles, muscles that function automatically, without conscious will.

A

nonstriated muscles

107
Q

dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell; plays an important part in the cell reproduction and metabolism

A

nucleus

108
Q

artery that supplies blood to the skin and muscles of the scalp and back of the head up to the crown.

A

occipital artery

109
Q

hindmost bone of the skull, located below the parietal bones.

A

occipital bones

110
Q

back of the epicranius; muscle that draws the scalp backwards

A

occipitalis

111
Q

branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies the skin of the forehead , upper eyelids and interior portion of the scalp , orbit , eyeball and nasal passage

A

ophthalmic nerve

112
Q

the ring muscle of the eye socket ;closes the eyelid

A

orbicularis oculi

113
Q

flat band around the upper and lower lip that compresses ,contracts , puckers and wrinkles the lips

A

orbicularis oris

114
Q

structured composed of specialized tissues and performing specific functions.

A

organ

115
Q

part of the muscle that does not move;its attached to the skeleton and is usually part of a skeletal muscle.

A

origin

116
Q

artery that supplies blood to the side and crown of the head

A

parietal artery

117
Q

bones that form the sides and the top of the cranium

A

parietal bones

118
Q

muscles of the chest that assist the swinging movements of the arm

A

pectoralis major and minor

119
Q

double-layered membranous sac enclosing the heart

A

pericardium

120
Q

system nerve and ganglia that connects the peripheral parts of the body to the central nervous system has both sensory and motor nerves

A

peripheral nervous system

121
Q

bones of the fingers or toes(singular:phalanx)

A

phalanges

122
Q

study functions or activities performed by the body structures

A

physiology

123
Q

fluid part of the blood and lymph that carries food and secretions to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells .

A

plasma

124
Q

blood cells that aid in the forming of clots.

A

platelets

125
Q

broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin; responsible for depressing the lower jaw and lip

A

platysma

126
Q

artery that supplies blood to the scalp ; behind and above the ear.

A

posterior auricular artery

127
Q

nerve that affects the muscles behind the ear at the base of the skull.

A

posterior auricular nerve

128
Q

muscle that covers the bridge of the nose, depresses the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose

A

procerus

129
Q

muscles that turn the hand inward so that palm faces downward

A

pronator

130
Q

colorless jelly like substance in cells in which food elements such as protein, fats, carbohydrates mineral salts and water are presents

A

protoplasm

131
Q

blood circulation from heart to lungs and back to heart

A

pulmonary circulation

132
Q

artery that supplies blood to the thumb side of the arm and the back of the hand; supplies the muscles of the skin, hand and fingers, wrist, elbow and forearm

A

radial artery

133
Q

nerve that, with its branches, supplies the thumb side of the arm and the back of the hand.

A

radial nerve

134
Q

smaller bone in the forearm on the side as the thumb

A

radius

135
Q

also called red corpuscles, blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and transport carbon dioxide from the cells back to the lungs.

A

red blood cells

136
Q

automative nerve reaction to a stimulus that involves the movement of an impulse from a sensory receptor along the afferent nerve to the spinal cord, and responsive impulse along an efferent neuron to a muscle causing reactiion

A

reflex

137
Q

body system responsible for processes by which plants and animals produce offspring.

A

reproductive system

138
Q

body system consisting of the lungs and air passages; enables breathing, supplying the body with oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide as a waste product.

A

respiratory system

139
Q

muscle of the mouth that draws the corner of the mouth out and back, as in grinning

A

risorius

140
Q

one of the pair of shoulder blades; large, flat triangular bone of the shoulder.

A

scapula

141
Q

nerves that carry impulses or messages from the sense organs to the brain; where sensations of touch,cold heat, sight, hearing, taste , smell, pain and pressure are experienced

A

sensory (afferent ) nerves

142
Q

muscle of the chest that assists in breathing and raising the arm .

A

serratus anterior

143
Q

chief motor nerve of the face, emerging near the lower part of the ear.

A

seventh (facial) cranial nerve

144
Q

physical foundation of the body, composed of the bones and movable and immovable joints.

A

skeletal system

145
Q

nerve located at the base of the skull, affecting the scalp and muscles behind the ear

A

smaller( lesser ) occipital nerve

146
Q

bones that joints all the bones of the cranium together.

A

sphenoid bone

147
Q

portion of the central nervous system that originates in the brain, extends down to the lower extremity of the trunk and is protected by the spinal column

A

spinal cord

148
Q

muscle of the neck that depresses and rotates the head.

A

sternocleidomastoideus

149
Q

the flat bone or breastbone that forms the ventral support of the ribs

A

sternum

150
Q

also called voluntary or skeletal muscles; muscles that are controlled by the will.

A

striated muscles

151
Q

artery that supplies blood to the chin and lower lip

A

submental artery

152
Q

artery that supplies blood to the muscles of the front side, and the top of the head.

A

superficial temporal artery

153
Q

artery that supplies blood to the upper lip and region of the nose

A

superior labial artery

154
Q

muscle of the forearm that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward.

A

supinator

155
Q

artery that supplies blood to the upper eyelid and forehead.

A

supraorbital artery

156
Q

nerve that affects the skin of the forehead , scalp , eyebrows and upper eyelid

A

supraorbital nerve

157
Q

nerve that affects the skin between the eyes and uppers side of the nose.

A

supratrochlear nerve

158
Q

group of the bodily organs acting together to perform one or more functions.

A

system

159
Q

circulation of blood from the heart throughout the body and back again to the heart; also called general circulation

A

systemic (general ) circulation

160
Q

bones forming the sides of the head in the ear region

A

temporal bones

161
Q

nerve that affects the muscles of the temple, side of the forehead , eyebrow , eyelid and upper part of the cheek

A

temporal nerve

162
Q

temporal muscle; one of the muscles involved in mastication( chewing)

A

temporalis

163
Q

the chest; elastic , bony cage that serves as a protective framework for the heart; lungs and other internal organs.

A

thorax

164
Q

collection of similar cells that perform a particular function.

A

tissue

165
Q

artery that supplies blood to the skin and the masseter

A

transverse facial artery

166
Q

muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back; rotates and controls swinging movements of the arm

A

trapezius

167
Q

muscles extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corner of the mouth.

A

triangularis

168
Q

large muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm and extends the forearm

A

triceps

169
Q

inner and larger bone of the forearm, attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger

A

ulna

170
Q

artery that supplies blood to the muscle of the little-finger side of the arm and palm of the hand.

A

ulna artery

171
Q

nerve that affects the little-finger side of the arm and palm of the hand

A

ulna nerve

172
Q

structure that temporarily closes a passage or permits flow in one direction only

A

valve

173
Q

thin- walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries; they contain cup- like valves to prevent backflow and carry impure blood from the various capillaries back to the heart to the lungs

A

veins

174
Q

one of the two lower chambers of the heart

A

ventricle

175
Q

blood cells that perform the function of destroying disease- causing germs; also called white corpuscles or leukocytes

A

white blood cells

176
Q

bones that form the prominence of the cheeks; the cheeckbones

A

zygomatic or molar bones

177
Q

nerve that affects the skin of the temple; side of the forehead , and upper part of the cheek.

A

zygomatic nerve

178
Q

muscles extending from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth; elevate the lip; as in laughing.

A

zygomaticus major and minor

MILADY'S FUNDAMENTALS FOR ESTHETICIANS (5 decks)

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