Chapter 4 ageing , blood lymph skin

Question 1

State two ways in which the epidermis ages

Answer 1

Cell mitosis reduces and cells are produced more slowly
The skin loses its ability to repair itself as quickly
Melanin production in the stratum germinativum becomes eratic and age spots can occur
The fluid retention in the skin become flattened - this results in slightly thinner skin

Question 2

State 3 things that happen in the dermis as it ages

Answer 2

Blood capillaries experience a reduced blood supply
Hair follicles can be stimulated by hormones on certain areas of the face and body ( particularly in women during menopause) and excess hair growth can occur
Sebaceous secretions from the sebaceous glands slow down as the glands shrink ~ this causes the skin to gradually become drier

Question 3

State the composition of blood

Answer 3

Plasma, thrombocytes, erythrocytes , leukocytes.

Question 4

Name 2 functions of the blood

Answer 4

To allow oxygen to be transported around the body

To fight infection

Question 5

What is the fluid part of the blood called

Answer 5

Plasma

Question 6

Name the functions of lymph

Answer 6

Ensures the circulating blood is not delivering unwanted substances to the cells
Removes and filters waste from the blood -
Fight disease and infection - ensures infections and micro organisms can not continue to infect the blood therefore the cells

Question 7

State 3 contraindications to facial

Answer 7

Tinea corporis - ringworm of the body ~ pink to red patches on the skin that sometimes itch ~ Contagious fungal infection

Impetigo - pustules and honey coloured crusty erosions - highly contagious bacterial skin infection

Herpes simplex - cold sore - a painful lump or blister usually around the mouth ~ a contagious viral infection caused by herpes

Question 8

Give 2 reasons for cleansing the skin

Answer 8

It’s the basis of all facial treatments ~ therefore it must be carried out to the highest standard
If the skin is not thoroughly cleaned initially the rest of the treatment won’t be effective - your just layering the products onto dirty skin

Question 9

Name the two types of toner

Answer 9

Astringent

Gentle

Question 10

State two possible exfoliating ingredients

Answer 10

A H A’s ~ alpha hydroxy acids ( derive from fruits and have a property to dissolve skin cells)
Abrasives ~ oatmeal , salt , plastic beads.

Question 11

Who would you use hot towels for

Answer 11

On someone with a lot of congested skin and clogged pores ( lots of pustules and papules ) or someone who is stressed with muscle tension

Question 12

Who would you use steaming for

Answer 12

Someone with oily /combination skin

Question 13

What are the benefits of o zone

Answer 13

Drying
Healing
Anti bacterial

Question 14

State the 5 massage movements

Answer 14

Effleurage 
Petrissage 
Tapotement
Frictions
Vibrations

Question 15

Describe petrissage and give examples

Answer 15

A compression technique which includes kneading , squeezing and pinching
The skin and under lying facial muscles are lightly grasped and lifted

Question 16

Describe tapotement and give examples

Answer 16

A percussive stroke in which the fingertips strike the skin in rapid succession

Question 17

Describe effleurage

Answer 17

A series of long strokes to warm up the muscle before deep tissue work which would use petrissage
A soothing stroking movement used at the beginning and end of each treatment
Performed using a flat hand or fingers
Allows application of the product
Starts links and ends movements
Accustoms client to the therapists touch