chapter 4 afrcan

Question 1

Renaissance

Answer 1

The humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that originated in Italy in the 14th century and later spread throughout Europe. b. The period of this revival, roughly the 14th through the 16th century, marking the transition from medieval to modern times.

Question 2

Milan

Answer 2

is a common Slavic male name and, less commonly, an Roman and Indian name. It is derived from the Slavic element mil, with meanings kind, loving, and gracious. Milan was originally a diminutive or nickname for those whose Slavic names began with “Mil-“.

Question 3

Venice

Answer 3

City in northeastern Italy, built on 118 islets within a lagoon in the Gulf of Venice, an arm of the Adriatic Sea. Note: Venice is a tourist, commercial, and industrial center and one of Italy’s major ports.

Question 4

florence

Answer 4

. City in central Italy on the Arno River. Note: Florence was the center of the Italian Renaissance from the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries, during which time the artistic and intellectual life of the city flourished.

Question 5

rome

Answer 5

Capital of Italy, largest city in the country, and seat of the Roman Catholic Church (see Vatican City State; see also Vatican), located on the Tiber River in west-central Italy. Rome is one of the world’s great centers of history, art, architecture, and religion.

Question 6

medici family

Answer 6

Italian noble family that produced three popes (Leo X, Clement VII, and Leo XI) and two queens of France (Catherine de Médicis and Marie de Médicis). Cosimo “the Elder” (1389–1464) was the first of the family to rule Florence.

Question 7

humanism

Answer 7

an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.

Question 8

machiavelli

Answer 8

2. being or acting in accordance with the principles of government analyzed in Machiavelli’s The Prince, in which political expediency is placed above morality and the use of craft and deceit to maintain the authority and carry out the policies of a ruler is described.

Question 9

perspective

Answer 9

1.
the art of drawing solid objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width, depth, and position in relation to each other when viewed from a particular point.

Question 10

gutenberg

Answer 10

n German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468) Synonyms: Gutenberg, Johannes Gutenberg Example of: pressman, printer. someone whose occupation is printing.

Question 11

erasmus

Answer 11

The Erasmus Programme (European Region Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students) is a European Union (EU) student exchange programme established in 1987.
Erasmus Programme - Wikipedia

Question 12

William shakespeare

Answer 12

An English playwright and poet of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, generally considered the greatest writer in English.

Question 13

sir thomas more

Answer 13

Thomas More (/ˈmɔːr/; 7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535), venerated by Roman Catholics as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman and noted Renaissance humanist. He was also a councillor to Henry VIII, and Lord High Chancellor of England from October 1529 to 16 May 1532.

Question 14

flemish

Answer 14

the Dutch language as spoken in Flanders, one of the two official language

Question 15

michelangelo

Answer 15

Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet.

Question 16

johan van eyck

Answer 16

was an Early Netherlandish painter active in Bruges and one of the most significant Northern Renaissance artists of the 15th century.

Question 17

albert durer

Answer 17

May 1471 – 6 April 1528) was a painter, printmaker, and theorist of the German Renaissance

Question 18

fresco

Answer 18

1.
a painting done rapidly in watercolor on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling, so that the colors penetrate the plaster and become fixed as it dries.

Question 19

indulgences

Answer 19

1.
a painting done rapidly in watercolor on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling, so that the colors penetrate the plaster and become fixed as it dries.

Question 20

predestination

Answer 20

(as a doctrine in Christian theology) the divine foreordaining of all that will happen, especially with regard to the salvation of some and not others. It has been particularly associated with the teachings of St. Augustine of Hippo and of Calvin.

Question 21

reformation

Answer 21

1.
the action or process of reforming an institution or practice.
“the reformation of the Senate

Question 22

martin luther

Answer 22

sixteenth-century German religious leader; the founder of Protestantism. Luther, a priest of the Roman Catholic Church, began the Reformation by posting his Ninety-five Theses, which attacked the church for allowing the sale of indulgences.

Question 23

henery the 8th

Answer 23

A king of England in the early sixteenth century. With the support of his Parliament, Henry established himself as head of the Christian Church in England, in place of the pope, after the pope refused to allow his marriage to Catherine of Aragon to be dissolved.

Question 24

john calvin

Answer 24

French theologian and reformer in Switzerland: leader in the Protestant Reformation. 2. Melvin, 1911–97, U.S. chemist: Nobel Prize 1961. 3. a male given name: from a Latin word meaning “bald.”.

Question 25

huguvenots

Answer 25

oun: Huguenots
a French Protestant of the 16th–17th centuries. Largely Calvinist, the Huguenots suffered severe persecution at the hands of the Catholic majority, and many thousands emigrated from France.

Question 26

anglican

Answer 26

1.

of, relating to, or denoting the Church of England or any Church in communion with it.

Question 27

95 thesis

Answer 27

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Ninety-five Theses, propositions for debate concerned with the question of indulgences, written (in Latin) and possibly posted by Martin Luther on the door of the Schlosskirche (Castle Church), Wittenberg, on October 31, 1517. This event came to be considered the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.

Question 28

counter revolution

Answer 28

is anyone who opposes a revolution, particularly those who act after a revolution to try to overturn or reverse it, in full or in part.

Question 29

ignatium

Answer 29

Ignatius is a male given name of presumed Latin or Etruscan origin, believed to mean “fiery one” (compare the word “ignite”).

Question 30

zwingli

Answer 30

Huldrych Zwingli [a] or Ulrich Zwingli [b] (1 January 1484 – 11 October 1531) was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland.

Question 31

council of trent

Answer 31

Latin: Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trento (Trent) and Bologna, northern Italy, was one of the Roman Catholic Church’s most important ecumenical councils. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation.

Question 32

jesuits

Answer 32

a member of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order of priests founded by St. Ignatius Loyola, St. Francis Xavier, and others in 1534, to do missionary work. The order was zealous in opposing the Reformation. Despite periodic persecution it has retained an important influence in Catholic thought and education.

Question 33

scientific revolution

Answer 33

nce of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.

Question 34

heliocentric theory

Answer 34

having or representing the sun as the center, as in the accepted astronomical model of the solar system.