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Chemistry > Chapter 4 - Acids and Redox > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Acids and Redox Flashcards

1
Q

What is an acid ?

A

An acid dissolves in water to release hydrogen ions into the solution

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2
Q

What is a strong acid ?

A

An acid that completely dissociates in aqueous solution

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3
Q

What is a weak acid ?

A

An acid that only partially dissociates in aqueous solution

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4
Q

What is the difference between a strong and weak acid ?

A

A strong acid completely dissociates in an aqueous solution whereas a weak acid only partially dissociates in an aqueous solution

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5
Q

What is a base ?

A

A base neutralises an acid to form a salt

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6
Q

What is an alkali ?

A

A base that dissolves in water releasing hydroxide ions into the solution

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7
Q

What is the word equation for the neutralisation of acids with metal oxides/hydroxides?

A

Metal oxide/hydroxide + acid -> salt + water

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8
Q

What is the word equation for the neutralisation of acids with alkalis?

A

Alkali + acid -> salt + water

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9
Q

What is the word equation for the neutralisation of acids with carbonates?

A

Carbonate + acid -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

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10
Q

What is a titration ?

A

A technique used to accurately measure the volume of one solution that reacts exactly with another solution

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11
Q

What are titrations used for ?

A
  • Finding the concentration of a solution
  • Identification of unknown chemicals
  • Finding the purity of a substance
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12
Q

What is a standard solution ?

A

A standard solution is one of known concentration

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13
Q

What are concordant titres ?

A

Titres that are within 0.10 cm^3 of each other.

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14
Q

When can a mean titre be worked out ?

A

When two or more concordant results are obtained.

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15
Q

How do you work out the dilution factor ?

How do you work out the initial concentration ?

A
  • DF = final volume ÷ initial volume

- Initial concentration = DF x final concentration

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16
Q

When is the oxidation number zero ?

A

For elements that are on their own or bonded to atoms of the same element

17
Q

What is the common oxidation number of Oxygen ?

A

-2

18
Q

What is the common oxidation number of Hydrogen ?

A

+1

19
Q

What is the common oxidation number of Fluorine ?

A

-1

20
Q

What is the common oxidation number of Na+ or K+ ?

A

+1

21
Q

What is the common oxidation number of Mg2+ or Ca2+ ?

A

+2

22
Q

What is the common oxidation number of halides ?

A

-1

23
Q

In what special case can hydrogen have an oxidation number of -1?

A
  • When in metal hydrides

- i.e. NaH or CaH(2)

24
Q

In what special case, can oxygen have an oxidation number of -1?

A
  • In peroxides

- i.e. H(2)O(2)

25
Q

In what special case, can oxygen have an oxidation number of +2?

A
  • When bonded to fluorine

- .i.e. F(2)O

26
Q

In ions, what is a trick for determining oxidation numbers ?

A

The sum of the oxidation numbers is equal to the total charge.

27
Q

What do roman numerals show ?

A

Roman numerals show the oxidation number of the element, without a sign

28
Q

What do roman numerals mean in the use of iron(II) or iron(III)?

A
  • Iron(II) represents Fe2+ with oxidation number +2.

- Iron(III) represents Fe3+ with oxidation number +3.

29
Q

What is oxidation in terms of oxygen ?

A

The addition of oxygen

30
Q

What is reduction in terms of oxygen ?

A

The removal of oxygen

31
Q

What is oxidation in terms of electrons ?

A

The loss of electrons

32
Q

What is reduction in terms of electrons ?

A

The gain of electrons

33
Q

What is oxidation in terms of oxidation number ?

A

An increase in the oxidation number

34
Q

What is reduction in terms of oxidation number ?

A

A decrease in oxidation number

35
Q

What happens when dilute acids react with metals ?

A

They undergo redox reactions

36
Q

What is the word equation for the reaction of a metal with acid ?

A

Metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen

Chemistry (29 decks)

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