Chapter 4: A Tour Of The Cell

Question 0

How are eukaryotic cells different from prokaryotic cells?

Answer 0

They have membrane bound organelles and a nucleus

Question 1

Cell theory

Answer 1

The theory that all living things are composed of cells no that all cells come from other cells

Question 2

What is an organelle?

Answer 2

A membrane-enclosed structure with a specialized function within a eukaryotic cell

Question 3

What is a nucleus?

Answer 3

The genetic control center of a eukaryotic cell

Question 4

What is the location and function of a cell’s nucleus?

Answer 4

Located inside the nuclear membrane; genetic control center of a cell

Question 5

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 5

Produces the components or ribosomes

Question 6

Chromosomes

Answer 6

S: Made of DNA and proteins threadlike strands, chromatin = tangles chromosomes
F: controls how the cell forms and how the cell woks (directs all cell activity); hereditary information- determines all traits in cells and in organisms; humans have 46 chromosomes

Question 7

Nucleolus

Answer 7

S: granule
F: makes ribosomes; cells involved in cell division

Question 8

Nuclear membrane

Answer 8

S: made of proteins and phospholipids; thin, flexible, porous (larger pores than cell membrane’s)
F: controls what enters and exits the cell’s nucleus

Question 9

Nucleoplasm

Answer 9

S: very thick fluid; mostly water, many solutes (amino acids, sugars, salt, minerals…)
F: circulate materials through the nucleus

Question 10

Cell membrane (plasma membrane)

Answer 10

S: made of proteins and phospholipids; thin, flexible, porous
F: controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 11

Cytoplasm (cytosol)

Answer 11

S: thick fluid; mostly water, many solutes (sugars, salts, amino acids, minerals…)
F: circulates materials within the cell

Question 12

Mitochondria

Answer 12

S: rod-shaped, peanut-shaped; double membrane - inner folded membrane (folds = christae)
F: releases energy for cell activity; “powerhouses”, where cellular respiration happens

Question 13

Ribosomes

Answer 13

S: very tiny granules made of protein + RNA, NOT membrane-bound
F: “protein factories”- where proteins are made

Question 14

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

S: network of double membranes extending through cytoplasm
F: passageway for materials to move from place to place in the cell; rough ER has ribosomes attatched; smooth ER has no ribosomes attatched (makes phospholipids)

Question 15

Golgi apparatus

Answer 15

S: stack of flattened sacs
F: active in secretion of materials -> forming, assembling, and packaging useful materials to be released from the cell to be used outside the cell (Golgi are very abundant in cells of glands - such as salivary glands…)

Question 16

Vacuoles

Answer 16

(Usually larger and more abundant in plant cells than in animal cells) S: surrounded by a single membrane, fluid filled - mostly water, many possible solutes
F: storage of water of variety of other materials (such as water-soluble pigments in plant cells)

Question 17

Cytoskeleton

Answer 17

S: network of microtubules + microfilaments; mostly made of proteins; microtubules - hollow, tubelike; microfilaments - fine threads, smaller than microtubules
F: support and give shape - especially in animal cells; help move materials…

Question 18

Centrioles

Answer 18

Pair of structures near the nucleus in animals cells;
S: made of microtubules mostly
F: used in animal cell division

Question 19

Lysosomes

Answer 19

Are more common in animal cells than plant cells;
S: small, spherical-egg-shaped; contains enzymes that digest materials (esp. Proteins)
F: digest materials (esp. Proteins), destroy foreign “invaders”, worn out cell parts, “suicide sacks”

Question 20

Cell wall

Answer 20

Surrounds cell membrane of ALL plant cells; never part animal cells. NOT part of the “living material” in the plant cell;
S: thick, mostly cellulose, also pectin and lignin;
F: support the plant cell and give shape…

Question 21

Plastids

Answer 21

In cytoplasm of some PLANT cells;

Includes: chloroplasts, chromosplasts, leuvoplasts

Question 22

Chloroplasts

Answer 22

S: spherical-egg-shaped; contains much chlorophyll and other enzymes…
F: photosynthesis - captures light energy… Makes glucose

Question 23

Chromosplasts

Answer 23

Contain pigments other than chlorophyll

Question 24

Leucoplasts

Answer 24

“Starch grains” - story starch, contain NO pigments

Question 25

Cilia/Flagella

Answer 25

Extend through cell membrane to outside of cells
S: made of microtubules
F: used in cell movement; flagella are much thicker than flagella