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Biology > Chapter 2: Essential Chemistry For Biology > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Essential Chemistry For Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to cause change, or to move matter in a direction it would not move if left alone

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1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

What are the foundations of life?

A

Matter and energy

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3
Q

Atom

A

The smallest unit of matter that still retains all the properties of an element

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4
Q

Atomic structure

A

An atom is comprised of a nucleus which contains protons and neutrons and is surrounded by an electron cloud occupied by electrons

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5
Q

Proton

A

A subatomic particle with a single unit of positive electric charge found in the nucleus of an atom

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6
Q

Electron

A

A subatomic particle with a single unit of negative electrical charge

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7
Q

Neutron

A

An electrically neutral particle (a particle having no electric charge) found in the nucleus of an atom

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8
Q

Mass number

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus

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9
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in each atom of a particular element.

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10
Q

Molecule

A

A group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

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11
Q

Elements

A

A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical means. Scientists recognize 92 chemical elements occurring in nature

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12
Q

Compound

A

A substance containing two or meow elements in a fixed ratio

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13
Q

Solution

A

A liquid consisting of a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances: a dissolving agent, the solvent, and a substance that is dissolved, the solute

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14
Q

Chemical Bonds

A

An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer shell electrons or the prescience of opposite charges on the atoms. The bonded atoms gain complete outer shells.

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15
Q

Covalent bonds

A

An attraction between atoms that share one or more pairs of outer-shell electrons

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16
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

An attraction between two ions with opposite electrical charges. The electrical attraction of the opposite charges holds the ions together.

17
Q

What forms of energy are found in living things?

A

Light
Chemical
Mechanical
Electrical

18
Q

Chemical reaction

A

A process leading to chemical changes in matter, involving the making and/or breaking of chemical bonds

19
Q

Reactants

A

A starting material in a chemical reaction

20
Q

Product

A

An ending material in a chemical reaction

21
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that can cause a chemical reaction without changing itself

22
Q

Enzymes

A

Catalysts in cells

23
Q

Acid

A

A substance that increases the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution

24
Q

Base

A

A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution

25
Q

Buffer

A

A chemical substance that resists changes in pH by accepting hydrogen ions from or donating hydrogen ions to solutions

26
Q

Alkaline

A

Base; a chemical compound that releases OH- ions ions into a solution (or removes hydrogen ions from a solution)

27
Q

pH

A

Potential Hydrogen- refers to the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

28
Q

pH Scale

A

A measure of relative acidity of a solution, ranging in value from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic). pH stands for Potential Hydrogen and refers to the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

29
Q

Solvent

A

The dissolving agent in a solution

30
Q

Solute

A

A substance that is dissolved in a liquid (which is called a solvent) to form a solution

31
Q

Aqueous solution

A

A solution having water as the solvent

32
Q

Cohesion

A

The attraction between molecules of the same kind

33
Q

Adhesion

A

The attraction between different kinds of molecules

34
Q

Capillarity

A

The movement of water against gravity through narrow tubes

35
Q

Evaporative cooling

A

Property if water whereby a body becomes cooler as water evaporates from it

36
Q

What are the properties of water?

A 
It's polar
Hydrogen bonds
Slow to change temperature 
Ice floats
Good at dissolving things
37
Q

Polarity

A

Having unevenly distributed electrical charges

38
Q

Polar compound

A

A compound that has unevenly distributed electrical charges

39
Q

Isotope

A

A variant form of an atom. Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons

40
Q

Radioisotope

A

An isotope whose nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy

Biology (7 decks)

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