chapter 4

Question 1

The center of the earth where temperatures and pressures are high

Answer 1

core

Question 2

The zone that has most of Earth’s mass

Answer 2

mantle

Question 3

Liquid rock within the Earth is called

Answer 3

magma

Question 4

What is the theory that explains how forces within the planet create landforms

Answer 4

plate tectonics

Question 5

The plates slowly move across the upper mantle, usually less than an inch per year

Answer 5

continental drift

Question 6

The crust stretches until it breaks which forms what

Answer 6

rift valleys

Question 7

The world’s flattest and smoothest regions

Answer 7

abyssal plains

Question 8

The continental surface extends under the shallow ocean water around the continents

Answer 8

continental shelves

Question 9

Places where rocks have been compressed into bends

Answer 9

folds

Question 10

Places where rock masses have broken apart and moved away from each other

Answer 10

faults

Question 11

Weathering breaks rock into smaller particles of gravel, sand, and mud

Answer 11

sediment

Question 12

The movement of surface material from location to another water, wind, and ice

Answer 12

erosion

Question 13

Thick masses of ice, also erode rock and move sediment

Answer 13

glaciers

Question 14

Elevated flatland that rises sharply above nearby land on at least one side

Answer 14

plateau

Question 15

This is a fan-shaped deposit of mud and gravel often found along the bases of mountains

Answer 15

alluvial fan

Question 16

Land form created by deposition of sediment that is carried by the ocean as the flow leaves its mouth

Answer 16

delta

Question 17

The salt in the ocean water can be removed through what

Answer 17

desalinization

Question 18

The movement of water through the hydrosphere is called

Answer 18

hydrologic cycle

Question 19

The first and smallest streams from this runoff is called

Answer 19

headwaters

Question 20

Any smaller stream or river that flows into a larger stream or river is called

Answer 20

tributary

Question 21

The whole region drained by a river and its tributaries is called

Answer 21

watershed or drainage basin

Question 22

Forms where a river meets an inlet, or small arm, of the sea

Answer 22

estuaries

Question 23

Any landscape that is covered with water for at least part of the year

Answer 23

wetlands

Question 24

The downward movement of minerals and humus in soils

Answer 24

leaching

Question 25

Works across the hill, rather than up and down the hill

Answer 25

contour plowing

Question 26

A condition in which the soil becomes nearly useless for farming

Answer 26

soil exhaustion

Question 27

Gives a field time to replace naturally the nutrients used by each different crop

Answer 27

crop roation

Question 28

Many dry regions can support farming if water is artificially supplied to the land a process called

Answer 28

irrigation

Question 29

A serious problem in many dry areas in the world, including the southwestern United States

Answer 29

soil salinization

Question 30

Destruction or loss of forests

Answer 30

deforestation

Question 31

New trees are planted

Answer 31

reforestation

Question 32

For centuries, people have built complex systems of dams, canals, reservoirs, and _____ artificial channels for transporting water

Answer 32

aqueducts

Question 33

Rock layers where groundwater is plentiful

Answer 33

aquifers