Chapter 4

Question 1

Genes

Answer 1

Segment of chromosomal DNA that encodes a polypeptide chain or RNA molecule

Question 2

Genome

Answer 2

The complete set of genes, control sequences, and other genetic information for a cell, an organism, or a virus

Question 3

Exons

Answer 3

Segment of eukaryotic gene that encodes a portion of an expressed protein chain

Question 4

Introns

Answer 4

An intervening sequence in a gene; a region that is not expressed in the mature mRNA

Question 5

mRNA

Answer 5

Class of RNA molecules responsible for conveying genetic information on polypeptide sequences from DNA to the ribosome.

Question 6

tRNA

Answer 6

Class of RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosome for polymerization into polypeptide chains

Question 7

Thymine

Answer 7

5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione; 5-methyluracil

Question 8

Adenine

Answer 8

6-AminoPurine

Question 9

Cytosine

Answer 9

4-Amino-2-Pyrimidinone

Question 10

Guanine

Answer 10

2-Amino-6-HydroxyPurine

Question 11

Purines

Answer 11

Heterocyclic aromatic compound containing both a pyrimidine ring and an imidazole ring

Question 12

Uracil

Answer 12

2,4-Pyrimidinedione

Question 13

Pyrimidine

Answer 13

1,3-Diazine

Question 14

Ribose

Answer 14

pentose sugar containing key hydroxyl groups at the 2’ and 3’ carbons

Question 15

2-Deoxyribose

Answer 15

pentose sugar having had its 2’ hydroxyl reduced to a hydrogen

Question 16

Nucleoside

Answer 16

A nucleic base joined covalently to a pentose

Question 17

Nucleotide

Answer 17

a nucleic acid base joined covalently to a pentose phosphate.