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A&P > chapter 4 > Flashcards

chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

chemical level

A

atoms -> molecules

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2
Q

cellular level

A

cells -> extracellular material and fluid

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3
Q

tissue level

A

tissue -> epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

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4
Q

stem cells can….

A

replicate or turn into different types of cells

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5
Q

embryonic stem cell

A

blastocyst - very early embryo

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6
Q

tissue stem cell

A

fetus, baby, and throughout life

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7
Q

stages of embryogenesis

A

clevage -> 8 cell stage -> blastocyst -> blastocyst inner mass cells

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8
Q

epithelial tissue

A

1) Epitlelia

2) Glands (exocrine & endocrine)

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9
Q

(ET) 1) Epitlelia tissue

A
  • avascular layer
  • covers exposed surfaces
  • often contain secretary or gland cells scattered
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10
Q

(ET) 2) Glands

A
  • derived from epitlelia
  • predominately secretary cells
  • 2 types ( 1) exocrine, 2) endocrine)
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11
Q

Functions of epithelial tissue

A

1) provides physical protection
2) control permeability
3) provide sensation
4) produce specialized secretion

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12
Q

features of epithelial tissue

A
  • surfaces (apical surface - faces exterior of body, base - attached to underlying tissue)
  • polarity (refers to structural differences between exposed and attached)
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13
Q

Epithelial layers

A

Squamous, Cubical, Columnar

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14
Q

epithelial attachments

A
  • between adjustment cells & adjacent tissue
  • barrier
  • able to replace cells
  • lack of blood cells
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15
Q

avascular

A

lack of blood

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16
Q

Intercelluar Connections

A

1) Hemidesmosomes
2) Tight (occluding) junctions
3) Adhesion belts
4) Gap junctions
5) Desmosomes

17
Q

(IC) 1) Hemidesmosomes

A

attach to basement membrane

18
Q

(IC) 2) Tight (occluding) junctions

A
  • interlocking membrane
  • prevent water & solute passage
  • found in intestinal tract
19
Q

(IC) 3) Adhesion belts

A
  • continuous band of membrane proteins

- strengthen apical region

20
Q

(IC) 4) Gap junctions

A

-held together by interlocking transportation proteins

21
Q

(IC) 5) Desmosomes

A
  • side of cells (adjacent)
  • opposing locked together by CAM’s
  • very strong
22
Q

connexons

A

interlocking transportation proteins

A&P (4 decks)

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