1.2 Organelles of a typical animal cell Flashcards
1
Q
cell membrane
A
- structure that separates the cells from their environment
- regulates movement in and out
2
Q
nucleus
A
- brain of the cell
- surrounded by a nuclear envelope
- carries chromosomes and directs cell activity
3
Q
nuclear envelope
A
- composed of 2 membranes
- contains nuclear pores to allow movement
4
Q
chromosomes (chromatin)
A
- contain genetic information in the form of genes
- rod shaped; can be seen in nucleus during cell division
- consist of DNA and histone proteins
- humans have 46 chromosomes (44 somatic, 2 sex)
5
Q
nucleolus
A
- dark spot in the nucleus
- site of ribosomal synthesis (after synthesis, ribosomes move through nuclear pores to cytoplasm)
6
Q
ribosomes
A
- most numerous
- lack membrane
- important to assembling amino acids into protein
- found in cytoplasm or bound to rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum)
7
Q
rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
A
- contains ribosomes
- site of protein synthesis
8
Q
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
A
- does NOT contain ribosomes
- site of lipid and carb synthesis
9
Q
Golgi complexes
A
- stacks of flattened membrane sacs
- packaging and distribution centers of cells
- they make vesicles
10
Q
vesicles
A
used to contain and transport cellular products
11
Q
mitochondria
A
- power house of the cell
- abundant in cells w/ high energy requirements
- energy yielding molecules like glucose are converted to ADP (adenosine triphosphate)
12
Q
centrioles
A
- found in cytoplasm next to nucleus
- used as winches to pull chromosomes to opposite poles during division
13
Q
cytoplasm (cytosol)
A
fluid found in the cell that contains nutrients, ions, proteins, and other materials
14
Q
cilia
A
- short, numerous extensions from membrane
- involved in sweeping substances across cell surface
15
Q
flagella
A
- 1 or 2 long extensions from membrane
- primarily for movement
