Chapter 4

Question 1

What features in the prenatal period might suggest neurodevelopmental concerns?

Answer 1

Positive family history
Antenatal screening tests
Amniocentesis

Question 2

What features in the perinatal period might suggest neurodevelopmental concerns?

Answer 2

After birth asphyxia/neonatal encephalopathy.
Preterm infants - intraventricular haemorrhage
Dysmorphic and neurocutaneous features
Abnormal neurological behaviour

Question 3

What features in the infancy period might suggest neurodevelopmental concerns?

Answer 3

Developmental delay
Delayed of asymmetric motor development
Neurocutaneous and dysmorphic features (e.g. cataracts)
Vision of hearing concerns by parents or after screening

Question 4

What features in the preschool period might suggest neurodevelopmental concerns?

Answer 4

Speech and language delay
Abnormal gait, clumsy motor skills
Poor social communication skills
Behaviour - stereotypical, overactivity, inattention

Question 5

What features in the school age period might suggest neurodevelopmental concerns?

Answer 5

Problems with balance and coordination
Learning difficulties
Hyperactivity
Attention control
Specific learning disabilities - dyslexia, dyspraxia. 
Social communication difficulties

Question 6

What features at any age might suggest neurodevelopmental concerns?

Answer 6

Brain injury (e.g. meningitis, head injury)
Loss of skills

Question 7

What are the different abnormal patterns of development?

Answer 7

Slow but steady
Plateau
Regression
Acute regression following an acute brain injury

Question 8

The gap between normal and abnormal development becomes more apparent with what?

Answer 8

Age

Question 9

What is impairment, disability and disadvantage mean?

Answer 9

Impairment - loss or abnormality of physiological function or anatomical structure.
Disability - Any restriction or lack of ability due to the impairment
Disadvantage - the results from the disability and the limits or prevents fulfilment of a normal role.