Chapter 3 Flashcards
Normal child development, hearing and vision
What are the 3 fields of development?
- Gross motor
- Fine motor and vision
- Speech, hearing and language
- Social, behavioural and emotional
What is the median age when considering developmental milestones?
The age where 50% of children will have reached this milestone.
What are the limit ages when considering developmental milestones?
These are the ages by which the developmental milestones should have been achieved and is usually 2 SD away from the mean.
What is the median and limit ages for walking?
Median age = 12 months
Limit age = 18 months
What could be the reason why children reach the limit age for walking?
Some will just be late walkers, but a proportion will have an underlying problem, such as cerebral palsy, a primary muscular disorder or global developmental delay.
A few may be underestimated from social deprivation.
How do children achieve mobility after immobility and before walking? Which is most common?
Crawling (83%)
Bum shuffling
Creeping on stomach
Just standing up and walking
Why is knowing the mobility before walking important?
Because when a baby crawls, 50% of them will walk by 12 months and 97.5% will walk by 18 months.
If a baby used to bottom-shuffle, 50% of them will walk by 18 months ad 97.5% by 27 months of age.
Therefore, the pre-walking mobility change their developmental progress.
When is most of myelination in the brain done? Why is this important?
First 2 years of life - this is why motor development is most rapid in the first years of life.
When do you adjust for prematurity?
Up until 2 years of age.
What is global delay?
When all 4 developmental fields have developmental delay with limit ages being reached.
What age does a child sit?
6-9 months
What age does a child crawls?
8-9 months
What age does a child raise their head to 45* prone?
6-8 weeks
What age does a child stand independently/cruise around furniture?
10 months
What age does a child start walking?
12 months
What age does a child follow a moving object or face by moving their head?
6 weeks
What age does a child develop a palmar grip?
4-6 months
What age does a child reach out for toys?
4 months
What age does a child transfer toys from one hand to the other?
7 months
What age does a child have a mature pincer grip?
10 months
What age does a child make marks with a crayon?
16-18 months
What can children to with blocks at different ages?
Tower of 3 = 18 months old
Tower of 6 = 2 years old
Tower of eight/train with 4 bricks at 2.5 years old
Bridge (from a model) = 3 years old
Steps (from demonstration) = 4 years old
What is the age gap between the ability to draw with and without seeing how it is done?
6 months
What can a child draw at different ages (without seeing how it is done)?
Line = 2 years Circle = 3 years Cross = 3.5 years Square = 4 years Triangle = 5 years
What is the newborn response to noise?
They are startled by noise.
What is an infant at 3-4 months capable of doing speech wise?
Vocalises alone or when spoken to - coos and laughs
When does a child turn to soft sounds out of sight?
7 months
When does a child start to say mama and dada?
Indiscriminately at 7 months
Discriminately at 10 months
When does a child start to say more words other than mama and dada? How many and at what age?
2-3 extra words = 12 months
6-10 extra words = 18 months
When can a child show 2 parts of the body?
18 months old
What age can a child join 2 or more words together to make simple phrases?
20-24 months
At what age is a child able to talk constantly in 3-4 word sentences?
2.5-3 years old
When does a child usually smile responsively? What is the age limit?
6 weeks median.
8 weeks age limit.
When does a child start to put food in their mouth?
6-8 months
When is the age limit for the fear of strangers?
10 months
What age does a child wave bye-bye and play peak-a-boo?
10-12 months
What age does a child drink from a cup with 2 hands?
12 months
What age can a child use a spoon to eat?
18 months
What age does a child start using symbolic play? What is symbolic play?
At 18-24 months. When they use a doll and pretend to feed it etc.
What age is a child potty trained to be dry by day?
2 years old
When does parallel play start to become present in children?
2.5 years to 3 years.
When is the newborn examination performed?
Before 72 hours old
What are the 2 hearing screening tests in newborns?
Otoacoustic emission (detects normal sound vibration from the outer hair cells in the cochlea) Auditory brainstem response - there is an auditory stimulus through headphones and then waveforms are measured on EEG.
