chapter 4 Flashcards
PPE
1) Dust or Surgical Mask
2) Eyewear
3) Gowns
4) Hair Covering or Tie Back
5) gloves
Materials Hazards in the Dental Office:
1) Exposure to particulate matter
2) Exposure to mercury
3) Exposure to toxic effects of chemicals
4) Exposure to airborne contaminants
5) Exposure to biological contaminants
Exposure to Biological Contaminants:
• The microorganisms may include Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and other viruses and bacteria
CCOH
Canadian Center for Occupational Health
• A hazardous chemical
• A hazardous chemical is defined as any chemical that has been shown to cause a physical or health hazard. It can be any substance that can catch fire, react, or explode when mixed with other substances, or that is corrosive or toxic
How Chemicals Enter the Body:
1)
How Chemicals Enter the Body:
1) Inhalation
2) Absorption through the skin
3) Ingestion (eating or drinking)
4) Invasion directly through a break in the skin
Acute chemical toxicity
• Acute chemical toxicity – High Levels of exposure over a short time
• The effects of this type of toxicity are felt right away
• Symptoms of Acute overexposure to chemicals:
1. Dizziness
2. Fainting
3. Headache
4. Nausea
5. Vomiting
• Chronic Chemical Toxicity
• Chronic Chemical Toxicity – repeated exposure usually to lower doses over a much longer time such as months or years • Effects of Chronic toxicity: 1. Cancer 2. Neurological deficiencies 3. Infertility
: Benzene –
vs Beryllium –
: Benzene – May cause dizziness, headache, unconsciousness.
Long-term exposure can cause leukemia
Ex: Beryllium – Metal used in denture framework. Grinding these frameworks for adjustments can lead to lung disease
mercury spill kit includes
• Mercury Spill Kit should contain:
- Mercury-absorbing powder
- Mercury sponges
- Disposal bag
acids under flammaable liquids
• Acids – Acids such as phosphoric, hydrofluoric, and hydrochloric acids are used during manipulation of various dental materials.
• A basic “safe” policy for the storage of dental medications and chemicals is to keep them in
• A basic “safe” policy for the storage of dental medications and chemicals is to keep them in a dry, cool dark place where they are not exposed to direct sunlight.
4 categories if waste
1) Ignitable:
2) Corrosive:
3) Reactive:
4) Toxic:
a substance is corrosive when ?
The substance is highly acidic or basic with a pH less than 2.0 or greater than 12.5 (water has a pH of 7.0 which is neutral)
a substance is toxic when?
Toxic: The substance contains amounts of arsenic, barium, chromium, mercury, lead, silver or certain pesticides
a substance is reactive when ?
The substance is chemically unstable or explosive, reacts violently with water, or is capable of giving off toxic fumes when mixed with water
examples of hazardous waste
Dental amalgam, asbestos, and lead foil from laboratory procedures are examples of hazardous waste that may be regulated differently by individual states and provinces)
5 parts of a chemical hazard communication program
- The written program
- The chemical inventory
- The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
- Labeling of containers
- Employee Training
• OSHA
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration
The written progeam of the hazard communication program
- Must identify by name all employees who are exposed to hazardous chemicals
- It must decide how many chemicals are handled in the workplace
- It must include a description of all safety measures and an explanation of how one should respond to chemical emergencies such as spills or exposures
Chemical inventory
• The chemical inventory is a comprehensive list of every product used in the office that contains chemicals, including amalgam, bonding agents, disinfectants and impression materials
MSDS
Material safety data sheet
Labeling expemptions
• Some products such as pharmaceuticals directly dispensed to the patient by the pharmacy, over the counter drugs and drugs intended for personal consumption by the employee for use in the workplace (such as aspirin) are exempt
how often should hazard communication take place
- When a new employee is hired
- When a new chemical product is added to the office
- Once a year for all continuing employees
RECORDS SHOULD BE KEPT FOR 5 YEARS
Splatter vs Aerosols
- Splatter – particulates larger than 5 microns
2. Aerosols – particulates smaller than 5 microns
The effects of Bio-Aerosols can be minimized in
of Bio-Aerosols:
• The effects of Bio-Aerosols can be minimized in dental offices by
1. Cleaning the air-infiltration system frequency
2. Using proper oral and laboratory evacuation techniques during Bio-Aerosol producing procedures
3. Wearing appropriate PPE
4. Gloves
5. Pre-procedure mouth rinses
6. Rubber Dam
7. Environmental Barriers
8. Surface cleaning and disinfectants
9. Keeping all containers tightly covered
