chapter 4

Question 1

PPE

Answer 1

1) Dust or Surgical Mask
2) Eyewear
3) Gowns
4) Hair Covering or Tie Back
5) gloves

Question 2

Materials Hazards in the Dental Office:

Answer 2

1) Exposure to particulate matter
2) Exposure to mercury
3) Exposure to toxic effects of chemicals
4) Exposure to airborne contaminants
5) Exposure to biological contaminants

Question 3

Exposure to Biological Contaminants:

Answer 3

• The microorganisms may include Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and other viruses and bacteria

Question 4

CCOH

Answer 4

Canadian Center for Occupational Health

Question 5

• A hazardous chemical

Answer 5

• A hazardous chemical is defined as any chemical that has been shown to cause a physical or health hazard. It can be any substance that can catch fire, react, or explode when mixed with other substances, or that is corrosive or toxic

Question 6

How Chemicals Enter the Body:

1)

Answer 6

How Chemicals Enter the Body:

1) Inhalation
2) Absorption through the skin
3) Ingestion (eating or drinking)
4) Invasion directly through a break in the skin

Question 7

Acute chemical toxicity

Answer 7

• Acute chemical toxicity – High Levels of exposure over a short time
• The effects of this type of toxicity are felt right away
• Symptoms of Acute overexposure to chemicals:
1. Dizziness
2. Fainting
3. Headache
4. Nausea
5. Vomiting

Question 8

• Chronic Chemical Toxicity

Answer 8

•	Chronic Chemical Toxicity – repeated exposure usually to lower doses over a much longer time such as months or years
•	Effects of Chronic toxicity:
1.	Cancer
2.	Neurological deficiencies
3.	Infertility

Question 9

: Benzene –

vs Beryllium –

Answer 9

: Benzene – May cause dizziness, headache, unconsciousness.
Long-term exposure can cause leukemia

Ex: Beryllium – Metal used in denture framework. Grinding these frameworks for adjustments can lead to lung disease

Question 10

mercury spill kit includes

Answer 10

• Mercury Spill Kit should contain:

1. Mercury-absorbing powder
2. Mercury sponges
3. Disposal bag

Question 11

acids under flammaable liquids

Answer 11

• Acids – Acids such as phosphoric, hydrofluoric, and hydrochloric acids are used during manipulation of various dental materials.

Question 12

• A basic “safe” policy for the storage of dental medications and chemicals is to keep them in

Answer 12

• A basic “safe” policy for the storage of dental medications and chemicals is to keep them in a dry, cool dark place where they are not exposed to direct sunlight.

Question 13

4 categories if waste

Answer 13

1) Ignitable:
2) Corrosive:
3) Reactive:
4) Toxic:

Question 14

a substance is corrosive when ?

Answer 14

The substance is highly acidic or basic with a pH less than 2.0 or greater than 12.5 (water has a pH of 7.0 which is neutral)

Question 15

a substance is toxic when?

Answer 15

Toxic: The substance contains amounts of arsenic, barium, chromium, mercury, lead, silver or certain pesticides

Question 16

a substance is reactive when ?

Answer 16

The substance is chemically unstable or explosive, reacts violently with water, or is capable of giving off toxic fumes when mixed with water

Question 17

examples of hazardous waste

Answer 17

Dental amalgam, asbestos, and lead foil from laboratory procedures are examples of hazardous waste that may be regulated differently by individual states and provinces)

Question 18

5 parts of a chemical hazard communication program

Answer 18

1. The written program
2. The chemical inventory
3. The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
4. Labeling of containers
5. Employee Training

Question 19

• OSHA

Answer 19

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Question 20

The written progeam of the hazard communication program

Answer 20

• Must identify by name all employees who are exposed to hazardous chemicals
• It must decide how many chemicals are handled in the workplace
• It must include a description of all safety measures and an explanation of how one should respond to chemical emergencies such as spills or exposures

Question 21

Chemical inventory

Answer 21

• The chemical inventory is a comprehensive list of every product used in the office that contains chemicals, including amalgam, bonding agents, disinfectants and impression materials

Question 22

MSDS

Answer 22

Material safety data sheet

Question 23

Labeling expemptions

Answer 23

• Some products such as pharmaceuticals directly dispensed to the patient by the pharmacy, over the counter drugs and drugs intended for personal consumption by the employee for use in the workplace (such as aspirin) are exempt

Question 24

how often should hazard communication take place

Answer 24

1. When a new employee is hired
2. When a new chemical product is added to the office
3. Once a year for all continuing employees

RECORDS SHOULD BE KEPT FOR 5 YEARS

Question 25

Splatter vs Aerosols

Answer 25

1. Splatter – particulates larger than 5 microns

2. Aerosols – particulates smaller than 5 microns

Question 26

The effects of Bio-Aerosols can be minimized in

Answer 26

of Bio-Aerosols:
• The effects of Bio-Aerosols can be minimized in dental offices by
1. Cleaning the air-infiltration system frequency
2. Using proper oral and laboratory evacuation techniques during Bio-Aerosol producing procedures
3. Wearing appropriate PPE
4. Gloves
5. Pre-procedure mouth rinses
6. Rubber Dam
7. Environmental Barriers
8. Surface cleaning and disinfectants
9. Keeping all containers tightly covered