Chapter 4

Question 1

Aqueous

Answer 1

Pertaining to, related to, similar to, or dissolved in water.

Question 2

Distributors

Answer 2

Relatively small-diameter underground pipes that deliver water to local users within a neighborhood.

Question 3

Dry-barrel hydrant

Answer 3

The most common type of hydrant; it has a control valve below the frost line between the foot piece and the barrel. A drain is located at the bottom of the barrel above the control valve seat for proper drainage after operation.

Question 4

Elevated water storage tower

Answer 4

An above-ground water storage tank that is designed to maintain pressure on a water distribution system.

Question 5

Elevation Pressure

Answer 5

The amount of pressure created by pressure

Question 6

Flow pressure

Answer 6

Forward pressure at a discharge opening while water is flowing.

Question 7

Friction loss

Answer 7

The result of the interaction between the hose or pipe and the flowing water, which leads to a reduction in flow pressure at the point of discharge.

Question 8

Gravity-feed system

Answer 8

A water distribution system that depends on gravity to provide the required pressure. The system storage is usually located at a higher elevation than the end users of the water.

Question 9

Hardness

Answer 9

The mineral content of the water; it usually consists of calcium and magnesium, but can also include iron, aluminum, and manganese.

Question 10

Heat of vaporization

Answer 10

The energy required to transform a given quantity of a substance into a gas.

Question 11

Kinetic energy

Answer 11

The energy possessed by an object as a result of its motion.

Question 12

Municipal water system

Answer 12

A government-owned and - operated water distribution system that is designed to deliver potable water to end users for domestic, industrial, and fire protection purposes.

Question 13

Normal operating pressure

Answer 13

The observed static pressure in a water distribution system during a period of normal demand.

Question 14

Pitot gauge

Answer 14

A type of gauge that is used to measure the velocity pressure of water that is being discharged from an opening. It is used to determine the flow of water from a hydrant.

Question 15

Potential energy

Answer 15

The energy that an object has stored up as a result of its position or condition. A raised weight and coiled spring have a potential energy.

Question 16

Primary feeder

Answer 16

The largest-diameter pipe in a water