Chapter 4

Question 1

Nasopharynx

Answer 1

Moist mucous membranes, highly vascular, easily damaged. Use lots of lube and slide ETT bevel side to septum

Question 2

Hypopharynx

Answer 2

Epiglottis is attached to hyoid and therefore to the mandible. Tongue can produce some occlusion but its epiglottis that creates full occlusion of airway

Question 3

Pyriform fossa

Answer 3

On either side of epiglottis, tubes can end up in here. Tube will tent skin on superior aspect of laryngeal prominence

Question 4

Larynx

Answer 4

Vocal cords surrounded by C shaped cartilage with open part of C facing posteriorly. Cords can close entirely in some people with laryngospasm. ELM can help bring cords into view (BURP) back up right pressure (back towards esophagus, then up and slightly right

Question 5

Sellick maneuver

Answer 5

Pressure on the cricoid cartilage will close off esophagus to 100cm H2O. Esophagus is directly posterior to cricoid cartilage

Question 6

Cric

Answer 6

Palpate thyroid for most prominent portion, go inferior for second bump (cricothyroid membrane)

Question 7

15, 20, 25

Answer 7

15cm from teeth to vocal cords, 20cm to sternal notch, 25cm is the carina.
3X diameter for ETT at teeth (size 8 should be no more than 24cm)

Question 8

Extension/flexion

Answer 8

Can move tube 2.5cm

Question 9

Airway and reflexes

Answer 9

Suction, NPA, OPAs can stimulate protective reflexes and trigger vomiting, cardiovascular stimulation, and increase ICP

Question 10

Poor mans NPA

Answer 10

6mm ET tube cut

Question 11

NPA bleeding

Answer 11

Minor bleeding leave it in