Chapter 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Solution
A
Mixture of a solute that is homogeneously distributed through a solvent
2
Q
Solvent
A
The liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution
3
Q
Aqueous solution
A
Something dissolved in water
4
Q
Nonelectrolyte
A
- A solute whose aqueous solution does not conduct electricity because no free moving ions are present
- Molecular substance
- Does not ionize in water
- Usually polar
- Alcohols and sugars
5
Q
Dipole-dipole/hydrogen bond
A
- Formed between polar molecules and polar water molecules
- Alcohols and sugars
6
Q
Electrolyte
A
- Solute whose aqueous solution conducts electricity
- Ionic or molecular
- Usually polar
- Ionizes in water
- Base/salt
- Acids, hydroxide/organic bases, salts
7
Q
Ion-dipole
A
- Formed between dissolved ions and polar water molecules
- Hydroxide bases and salts form bonds between dissolved ion and polar water molecules
- Organic bases form bonds between newly created ions and polar water molecules
- Highly charged ion means stronger bond
8
Q
Acid
A
- Start with hydrogen
- Organic acid formulas can start with a C or H and then end with the carboxyl group, (COOH) or start with H and end with CHO
- electrolyte
9
Q
Base
A
- Base formulas usually start with a metal or a (+) polyatomic ion and end with the (-) polyatomic hydroxide (OH-)
- Organic base formulas can start with elements carbon and hydrogen and then end with amine group NH2
- Ammonia (NH3) is a common base
- electrolyte
10
Q
Salt
A
- can start with metal and end with nonmetal
- can start with + PAI and end with - PAI
- can start with a metal and end with a - PAI
- can start with a metal and end with a - PAI
- electrolyte
11
Q
Sugar
A
- Composed of three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO)
- Usually in ratio of 2:1 but not always
- nonelectrolyte
12
Q
Alcohol
A
-Alcohol formulas start with elements carbon and hydrogen and then end with the hydroxyl group - OH
13
Q
Strong electrolyte
A
Strong acid, strong base, soluble salt
14
Q
HI
A
Strong acid
15
Q
HBr
A
Strong acid
