Chapter 4-6

Question 1

Cytology

Answer 1

Study of cells

Question 2

Plasma Membrane

Answer 2

• forms outer
• regulates movement of most substances in and out of cell

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

• largest structure in cell; enclosed by nuclear envelope
• contains DNA

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

• cellular contents between plasma membrane and nucleus

Question 5

Cytosol

Answer 5

• viscous fluid of cytoplasm

Question 6

Organelles

Answer 6

• complex, organized structures of the cell

Question 7

Membrane-bound Organelles

Answer 7

• enclosed by a membrane
• includes ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria

Question 8

non-membrane-bound organelles

Answer 8

• not enclosed within a membrane
• includes ribosomes, cytoskeleton, centrosome

Question 9

Inclusions

Answer 9

• cytosol stores temporarily
• not considered organelles

Question 10

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 10

• extends from nuclear envelope to plasma membrane
• composes half of membrane

Question 11

Rough ER

Answer 11

• protein production by ribosomes
• transport vesicles shuttle proteins from rough er lumen to Golgi apparatus

Question 12

Smooth ER

Answer 12

• synthesis, transport, storage of cells
• carbohydrate metabolism

Question 13

Golgi apparatus

Answer 13

• exhibits polarity
• modification, packaging, and sorting of proteins
• formation of secretory vesicles

Question 14

Lysosomes

Answer 14

• small, membranous sacs
• contain digestive enzymes
• participate in digestion of unneeded substances

Question 15

Peroxisomes

Answer 15

• membrane-enclosed sacs, smaller than lysosomes
• pinched off vesicles from rough ER

Question 16

Endomembrane System

Answer 16

• extensive array of membrane-bound structures
• include ER, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, lysosomes, peroxisomes
• provide means of transporting substances within cells

Question 17

Mitochondria

Answer 17

• organelle with double membrane
• aerobic cellular respiration
• digestion of fuel molecules to synthesize ATP

Question 18

Ribosomes

Answer 18

• large subunit with A, P, and E sites
• made within nucleolus and assembled in cytoplasm

Question 19

centrosome

Answer 19

• organizes microtubules within cytoskeleton
• functions in cellular division

Question 20

Cytoskeleton

Answer 20

• intracellular support
• organization of organelles
• cell division
• movement of materials

Question 21

Microfilaments

Answer 21

• maintain cell shape, internal support, cell division
• apart of cytoskeleton

Question 22

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 22

• structural support, cell junctions
• apart if cytoskeleton

Question 23

Microtubules

Answer 23

• maintain shape, cell transport, cell division
• apart of cytoskeleton

Question 24

Cilia

Answer 24

• hair-like projections that move substance along cell surface

Question 25

Flagella

Answer 25

• longer and wider than cilia; propels entire cell

Question 26

Mircovilli

Answer 26

• extensions of plasma membrane that increase surface area

Question 27

Tight Junctions

Answer 27

• strands or rows of protein linking cells
• prevent substance from passing between cells

Question 28

Desmosomes

Answer 28

• composed of proteins that bind neighboring cells

Question 29

gap Junctions

Answer 29

• form tiny, fluid-filled tunnels
• provide direct passageway for substances to travel between cells

Question 30

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 30

• separates cytoplasm from fluid within nucleus

Question 31

Nuclear pores

Answer 31

• open passageways formed by proteins
• allow passage of large molecules into and out of nucleus

Question 32

Phospholipids

Answer 32

• “ballon with two tail”

Question 33

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 33

• ensures cytosol remains inside the cell
• ensures interstitial fluid remains outside

Question 34

Cholesterol

Answer 34

• strengthens membrane
• stabilizes membrane against temperature extremes

Question 35

Glycolipids

Answer 35

• lipids with attached carbohydrate groups