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Anatomy Chapter 1 > Anatomy Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Studies the form and structure of the body

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Examines how the body functions

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3
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

Examines structures that cannot be observed by unaided eye

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4
Q

Cytology

A

The study of body cells and their internal structure

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5
Q

Histology

A

The study of tissues

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6
Q

Gross/Macroscopic Anatomy

A

Investigates structures visible to the unaided eye

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7
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

Studies the anatomy of each body system

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8
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

Examines the structures in a body region

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9
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

Focuses on superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures

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10
Q

Comparative Anatomy

A

Examines anatomical similarities and differences in different species

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11
Q

Embryology

A

Studies developmental changes from conception to birth

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12
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Focuses on the function of a body system during disease or injury to the system

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13
Q

Organization

A

All organisms complete a complex structure and order

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14
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within the body

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15
Q

Anabolism

A

small molecules joined to form larger ones

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16
Q

Catabolism

A

Large molecules broken down into smaller ones

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17
Q

Anatomic Position

A
  • upright
  • feet parallel and flat
  • upper limbs at side
  • palms face forward
  • head is level
  • Eyes forward
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18
Q

Coronal (frontal)

A

vertical plane dividing the body into posterior (back) and anterior (front)

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19
Q

Transverse (cross-sectional)

A

Horizontal plane dividing the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom)

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20
Q

Midsagittal

A

Vertical plane dividing the body into equal left and right halves

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21
Q

Sagittal

A

Parallel to midsagittal; divides structure into unequal left and right portions

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22
Q

Oblique

A

passes through the structure at an angle

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23
Q

Axial Region

A
  • head, neck, trunk

- forms the main vertical axis of the body

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24
Q

Appendicular Region

A

Upper and lower limbs

25
Q

Posterior Aspect

A

enclosed in bone

26
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

formed by bones of the cranium and hoses the brain

27
Q

Vertebral Canal

A

Formed by the bones of the vertebral column and houses the spinal cord

28
Q

Ventral Cavity

A
  • larger
  • anteriorly placed
  • subdivisions are lined with serous membrane
29
Q

Parietal layer

A

lines internal surface of body wall

30
Q

Visceral Layer

A

Covers external surface of organs

31
Q

Serous cavity

A

space between membranes

32
Q

serous fluid

A
  • liquid secreted by cells in serous membrane
  • lubricant
  • reduces friction caused by movement of organs against body wall
33
Q

mediastinum

A

median space in the thoracic cavity

heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, etc

34
Q

Pericardium

A

layered serous membrane

35
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

outer layer, which forms the sac around the heart

36
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

forms the hearts external surface

37
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

space between parietal and visceral layers containing serous fluid

38
Q

Pleura

A

two-layered serous membrane associated with lungs

39
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

outer layer lines internal surface of thoracic walls

40
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

inner layer covers external surface of lungs

41
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

space between parietal and visceral layers containing serous fluid

42
Q

Abdominal cavity

A
  • superior area

- contains most of the digestive system organs, kidneys, and most of the ureters

43
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A
  • inferior area, between hip bones

- contains distal part of large intestine, remainder of ureters and urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs

44
Q

Peritoneum

A

two-layered serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity

45
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

outer layer, which lines the internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

46
Q

Visceral peritonium

A

Inner layer, which covers the external surface of most abdominal and pelvic organs

47
Q

Perioneal Cavity

A

Potential space between parietal and visceral layers containing serous fluid

48
Q

Umbilical region

A

middle region

49
Q

epigastric region

A

superior to umbilical

50
Q

hypogastric region

A

inferior to umbilical

51
Q

right and left hypochondriac regions

A

lateral to epigastric region

52
Q

right and left lumbar regions

A

lateral to umbilical

53
Q

right and left iliac regions

A

lateral to hypogastric

54
Q

Receptor

A

detects changes in a variable

- stimulus: change in temp sensed by skin)

55
Q

Control Center

A

interprets input from receptor and initiates changes through effector

56
Q

Effector

A

the structure that brings about changes to alter the stimulus

57
Q

Negative Feedback

A
  • controls most processes in the body

- resulting action is in the opposite direction of the stimulus (ex. temperature regulation)

58
Q

Positive Feedback

A
  • occurs less frequently
  • stimulus reinforced to continue moving variable in same direction until a climactic event occurs, then body returns to homeostasis (ex. breastfeeding blood clotting, labor)

Anatomy Chapter 1 (3 decks)

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