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Introduction to Networking > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the bandwidth rating

A

This is the number of bits per second that can be transmitted across a medium.

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2
Q

What is Encoding

A

The method used to represent bits on a medium.

different network standards use different patterns of electrical or light pulses to represent a series of bits on the medium

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3
Q

What is attenuation

A

This is the process of signal weakening to the point that the receiving device can no longer accurately read the information

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4
Q

What is a cable segment

A

This is the length of cable between any two network devices (such as a NIC and a switch). Passive (unpowered) devices such as a wall jack are considered a part of the total cable segment length.

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5
Q

What is electromagnetic interference (EMI)

A

a disturbance to the operation of an electronic cirucuit or its data, caused by devices that emit an electromagnetic field.

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6
Q

What is Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)

A

Similar to EMI, but RFI is usually interference caused by strong broadcast sources (such as a nearby tv or radio station)

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7
Q

What is crosstalk

A

This is interference one wire generates on another wire when both wires are in a bundle.

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8
Q

Which media is susceptible to electronic eavesdropping

A

Copper wire.

Fiber optic carries light instead of electricity and is therfore not susceptible to this kind of eavesdropping.

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9
Q

Cable grade is an inportant factor when deploying network media.

Cables ran between a false ceiling and the true celing must be ___ rated

UTP cabling is marked as one of two types, what are they?

Only one of the two types can only be used in building risers or in cable trays, which is it?

A

plenum

Communication Cable Rise (CMR), or Communication Cable Plenum (CMP)

CMR Communication Cable Riser

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10
Q

Give a brief background of Coaxial Cable

A

once the predominant form of network cabling

Inexpensive and easy to instal

started to phase out in the early 1990’s

Still used primarily in connecting a cable modem to the wall outlet your cable tv/internet provider installs

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11
Q

What are the two types of Twisted-Pair cables

What is the reason for the twists

A

The types are unshielded and shielded

The twists are necessary to improve resistance to corsstalk from wires and EMI from outside sources

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12
Q

What type of cabling do most networks use

How many wires does it consist of

A

Unshielded twisted pair

4 pairs of insulted wires

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the shielding in shileded twisted-pair cable?

A

to reduce cross-talk and interference

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14
Q

What are RJ - 45 connectors

A

STP and UTP use registered jack 45 (RJ-45)

Most commonly used in patch cables, which are used to connect computers to hubs, switches, and RJ-45 wall jacks

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15
Q

What is patch cable

A

short cable for connecting a computer to an RJ-45 wall jack or connecting a patch-panel port to a switch or hub

Can be made with inexpensive tools, two RJ-45 plugs and a length of TP cable

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16
Q

What are patch panels

A

Used to terminate long runs of cable from where the computers are to the wiring closet (where the switches and hubs are)

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17
Q

What are distribution racks

A

hold network equipment such as routers and switches, plus patch panels and rack mounted servers

Also called 19” racks because the upright rails are 19” apart

18
Q

What is structured cabling

A

specifies how cabling should be organized, regardless of the media type or network architecture

19
Q

Define work area

A

where workstations and other user devices are located

faceplates and wall jacks are installed in the work area

20
Q

What is horizontal wiring

A

This runs from the work area’s wall jack to the telecommunication closet

Wiring from the wall jack to the patch panel should be no longer than 90 meters

21
Q

What is a telecommunications closet

A

TC provides connectivity to computer equipment in the nearby work area

Typical equipment includes patch panels to terminate horizontal wiring runs, hubs and switches

A TC that houses the cabling and devices for work area computers is referred to as an intermediate distribution frame (IDF)

22
Q

What is an equipment room

A

this houses servers, routers, switches, and other major network equipment and serves as a connection point for backbone cabling

23
Q

What is a main distribution frame?

A

This is the name for an equipment room that’s the connection point betweein Intermediate Distribution Frames

24
Q

What is an intermediate distribution frame (IDF)

A

This is a Telecommunications Closet that houses cabling and devices for work area computers

25
Q

What is the main cross-connect for the entire network or it might serve as the connecting point for backbone cabling between buildings

A

The main distribution frame

Each building has it’s own

26
Q

What does backbone cabling interconnect

A

IDFs and MDFs

it runs between floors or wings of a building and between buildings

frequently fiber-optic cable but can also be UTP if the distance between TCs is less than 90 meters

27
Q

What is an entrance facillity

A

This is the location of the cabling and equipment that connects a corporate network to a third-party telecommunications provider

This can also serve as an equipment room and the main cross-connect for all backbone cabling

Where a connection to a WAN is made

28
Q

What is the Demarcation point

A

point where corporate LAN equipment ends and a third-party provider’s equipment and cabling begins

29
Q

What are the two kinds of patch cables and what is the difference between then

A

Straight through cables which have the same wiring standards on both ends

Crossover cables have a 568A standard on one end and a 568B standard on the other end

30
Q

What are medium dependent interface (MDI) devices or MDI crossed (MDI-X) devices

A
  • MDI devices transmit on pins 1 and 2 and receive on pins 3 and 6
    • PC NICs and routers are examples
  • MDI - X devices receive on pins 1 and 2 and transmit on pins 3 and 6
    • Hubs and switches are examples
31
Q

Why two transmit and two receive wires?

A

One pair is for receive and one pair is for transmit. They are positive and negative to mitigate interference (crosstalk and noise)

32
Q

What is the composition of a fiber-optic cable

A

slender cylinder of glass fiber called the core surrounded by a concentric layer of glass called the cladding

fiber is then jacketed in a thin transparent plastic material called the buffer

33
Q

What is a single-mode fiber (SMF)

A

Incldues a single, small-diameter fiber at the core (8microns)

Generally works with laser-based emitters

Spans the longest distances

Used in higher-bandwidth applications

34
Q

What is Multimode fiber (MMF)

A

Larger diameter fiber at the core (50 and 62.5 microns)

Costs less than SMF

Works with lower-power light emitting diodes (LEDs)

Spans shorter distances

35
Q

describe a Transceiver/access point (AP)

A

a transmitter/receiver device that must be installed to translate between wired and wireless networks

includes an antenna and a transmitter to send and receive wireless traffic but also connects to the wired side of the network

shuttles traffic back and forth between a network’s wired and wireless sides

36
Q

What form do signals take in Wireless LAN transmission

A

waves in the Electromagnetic (EM) spectrum

The frequency of the wave forms used for communication is measured in cycles per second, usually expressed as hertz (Hz)

Lower-frequency transmissions can carry less data more slowly over longer disntaces, and higher-frequency transmissions can carry more data faster over shorter distances

37
Q

What are the most common frequencies for wireless data communication

A

Radio - 10 KHz to 300 MHz

Microwave - 300 MHz to 300 GHz

Infared - 300 GHz to 400 THz (terahertz)

38
Q

What are the four primary technologies that wireless LANs make use of for transmitting and receiving data?

A

Infrared

Laser

Narrowband (single-frequency) radio

Spread-spectrum radio

39
Q

What are infrared (IR) signals

A
  • These are infrared light beems to send signals between pairs of devices
  • Works well for LAN applications due to high bandwidth
  • Four main kinds of infrared LANs
    • Line-of-sight networks - require an unobstrcuted view between transmitter and receiver
    • Reflective wireless networks - broadcast signals from optical transceivers near devices to a central hub
    • Scatter infrared networks - bounch tranmsissions off walls and ceilings to deliver signals
    • Broadband optical telepoint networks - provide broadband services
40
Q

How do narrowband radio LAN technologies work?

A

use low-powered, two-way radio communication

receiver and transmitter must be tuned to the same frequency

No line of sight, just a mximum range (around 70m or 230ft)

Walls or other solid objects can block signals

interference from other radio sources is possible

41
Q

How does Spread-Spectrum LAN technology work

A

uses multiple frequencies simultaneously, improving reliability and reducing susceptibility to interferecnce (also makes eavesdropping more difficult)

Two main kinds of spread-spectrum communications

Frequency hopping - switches data between multiple frequencies at regular intervals

Direct-sequence modulation - breaks data into fixed-size segments called chips and transmits the data on several different frequencies at the same time

Introduction to Networking (6 decks)

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