Chapter 4 Flashcards
In contemporary America the ongoing attempt to use the correctional system as an instrument of pain is often referred to as the ________________.
penal harm movement 67
______ deterrence is used to deter an entire population from committing a crime, while ______ deterrence is used to punish an individual so they will not commit the crime again.
general, special 70
Deterrence is only effective when they are ______ and _______.
certain, severe
A key limitation of deterrence as a correctional approach is that it is based on an incomplete understanding of ___________. In essence, it fails to address __________.
crime causation, all factors that led to the crime 74
studies suggest that when punishment increases in a visible way, it has the potential to deter (or would be offenders) for a _______________. The problem is studies also show a _________ effect over time.
limited period of time, decay 76
____________ can be more effective because the threat of punishment through detection or the cost of offending is immediate.
situational crime prevention 77
_________ punishments are those that are administered in the community through things like probation officer, drug testing, electronic monitoring and temporarily behind bars through things such as boot camps.
intermediate 87
Under the ______ theory, treating people as offenders –especially sending them to prison–sets in motion a number of processes that increase, rather than decrease criminal involvement.
labeling 94
the ______ study was conducted to evaluate the wether deterrence was more effective when compared to offenders in intensive supervised probation programs vs prison. Did it prove criminal were more deterred to recidivate when in prison?
RAND, No 91-91
Several studies have concluded that being sent to prison _______ recidivism, especially in cases of drug offenders. This effect is referred to as the _______.
increase, criminogenic effect. 95
