Chapter 2 Flashcards
By the early 1900s - in a time period called the __________, rehabilitation had emerged as the dominant philosophy of corrections.
Progressive Era 24
In the later 1960s and early 1970s both conservatives and liberals attacked rehabilitation. In Robert Martison’s famous essay “_____________” he argued existing data seemed to confirm the rehabilitation was not humane and was ineffective.
nothing works 24
the rehabilitation model makes sense only if criminal behavior is caused and not merely a _________, ________.
free willed, rational choice 25
Sometimes rehabilitation is said to embrace a __________ under the premise that causes are to be uncovered and psychological treatments to be individualized.
medical model 25
A belief that a main purpose of corrections should be to save, and not merely punish, offenders extends to the first days of the American prison-back to the _____ with the invention of the ________.
1820s, penitentiary 27
The purpose of the first penitentiaries was not to scare offenders, but instead to ________ offenders.
morally reform 28
Durring the 1870 National Congress on Penitentiary and Reformatory Discipline, members of congress argued the goal should be reformation of criminals and their destiny should be placed in their own hands through __________.
indeterminate sentencing 29
The first juvenile court was initiated in 1899 in _________.
Cook county, home of Chicago. 31
major shifts in correctional thinking are usually a product of changes in the _________ that prompt citizens to reconsider beliefs they ad not previously questioned.
larger society 33
by the 1970s conservatives thought rehabilitation let our bad criminals from prison thereby victimizing _____ while liberals thought it was abused by judges and correctional officers thereby victimizing ________
society, offenders 34
