Chapter 4 Flashcards
Define attitudes.
People’s evaluations of aspects of the social world
What are attitude objects?
The thing an attitude is about
What are ambivalent attitudes?
Attitudes are mixed, being both positive and negative
Define values.
Enduring beliefs about important aspects of life that go beyond specific situations
What are ideologies?
Interrated and widely shared set of beliefs that typically relate to social or political contexts
What is the tripartite model of attitude?
A model of the structure of attitudes which assumed that attitudes have 3 components: cognitive, affective and behavioral
Define attitude complexity.
The number of dimensions along which an attitude object is evaluated
Define attitude function.
The study of why people have attitudes
What is the mere exposure effect?
The more exposure we have to a stimulus, the more we tend to like it
Define sublimal conditioning.
Classical conditioning that occurs outside the learner’s conscious awareness
Define instrumental conditioning.
A form of learning whereby a behaviour is followed by a positive response is more likely to be repeated
What is the social representations theory?
Theory that beliefs about the social world are formed though processes of social interaction
Define attitude scale.
A series of questions designed to gauge a person’s attitudes on a topic
Define implicit association task.
Reaction time task that measures the strengths of automatic associations between mental representations of objects in memory
What is the associative-propositional evaluation (APE) model?
Model asserting that implicit and explicit attitudes are the behavioural outcomes of separate mental processes
What is the theory of reasoned behaviour?
Concerning how attitudes predict behaviour
What is the theory of reasoned action?
Predicts that behavioral intent is created or caused by two factors: our attitudes and our subjective norms
Define cognitive dissonance.
An unpleasant psychological state that occurs when people notice their attitudes and behaviours are inconsistent with eachother
Define self-affirmation.
Restoring positive self-views when faced with cognitive dissonance
Define hypocrisy.
Publicly supporting an attitude or behaviour and yet behaving in a manner that is inconsistent with the attitude or bahviour
What does embodiment mean?
An area of study where research shows broadly that bodily states influence attitudes, social perception, and emotion
Define proprioception.
The perception of the body’s position and movement
Define emotion.
Brief, specific psychological and physical responses to an object or event
What is the feelings-as-information perspective?
Theory proposing that people often rely on their feelings - often gut instincts - to guide social judgements
