Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is the most common building material used in North America and is the main component of a variety of structural assemblies?
Wood
Rapid cooling, which can occur when water is used to extinguish a fire, may cause __ materials to crack
Masonry
What common building material is often used in the construction of fire walls.
Masonry
Applying water to burning __ minimizes damage by stopping the charring process, which reduces its strength.
Wood
What building material is rarely used in modern construction and was historically fastened in large sections to the masonry on the front of buildings
Cast iron
Firefighters should look for cracks and spalling of __ surfaces.
Reinforced concrete
What is the primary material used for structural support in the construction of large modern buildings?
Steel
Firefighters should consider that elongating ____ can actually push out load bearing walls and cause a collapse.
Steel
What common building material is internally fortified with rebar or wire mesh?
Reinforced Concrete
A primary concern with the use of ________ is that bolts or other connections that hold it to the building can fail, causing these sections to come crashing down.
Cast Iron
What is an inorganic product from which plaster and wallboards are constructed?
Gypsum
If heated, _____ may crack and shatter when it is struck by a cold fire stream.
Glass
What common building material is used in sheet form for doors and windows?
Glass
In areas where ______ has failed, the structure members behind it
will subjected to higher temperatures and could fail as a result.
Gypsum
Which type of construction has exterior walls, load bearing walls, floors, roofs, and supports made completely or partially of wood or other approved materials of smaller dimensions than those used for heavy timber construction?
Type V
Which type of construction requires that exterior walls and structural members be made of noncombustible or limited combustible materials and interior structural members are completely or partially constructed of wood or smaller dimensions than that required for heavy timber construction?
Type III
What type of construction maintains its structural integrity during a fire, which is intended to allow occupants time to exit the building?
Type I
Which type of construction requires that interior structural members are made of solid or laminated wood large enough to be considered heavy timber, with no concealed spaces?
Type IV
Which type of construction is similar to fire-resistive construction except that the structural components lack the insulation or other protection of type I construction?
Type II
The primary fire concerns in _____ construction are the contents of the structure and interior finishes.
Type I
The primary fire concern in _____ construction is the problem of fire and smoke spreading through concealed spaces.
Type III
Which type of construction has a fire-resistive rating on all parts of the structure including exterior and interior load-bearing walls and building materials?
Type II
Which type of construction presents almost unlimited potential for fire extension within the building of origin and to nearby structures, particularly if the nearby structures are also wood-frame construction?
Type V
The primary fire hazard in _____ construction is the massive amount of combustible contents presented by the structural timbers in addition to the contents of the building.
Type IV
Which type of construction confines fire well?
Type II
Which type of construction resists collapse due to flame impingement of heavy beams?
Type IV
Which type of construction is relatively easy to vertically ventilate?
Type III
Which type of construction is resistant to collapse from earthquakes due to lightweight and flexibility?
Type V
Which type of construction is inpervious to water damage?
Type I
What is one weakness of Type I construction?
It is difficult to ventilate.
What is one weakness of Type II construction?
Steel components are subject to weakening by rust and corrosion.
What is one weakness of Type III construction?
Interior structural members are vulnerable to fire involvement.
What is one weakness of type IV construction?
The potential for flame spread to other nearby structures.
What is one weakness of type V construction?
It is susceptible to water damage.
What is fire load?
The maximum heat that can be produced if all the combustible materials in a given area burn.
What building structure contributes to the spread and intensity of a fire?
Roof coverings.
What conditions make a building susceptible to collapse?
Wooden floors and ceilings.
What is an indicator of building collapse?
Unusual creaks and cracking noises.
What is not an indicator of building collapse?
Amount of smoke coming from the building.
What are actions to be taken when imminent building collapse is suspected?
Exit the building, clear the collapse zone, place an unmanned master stream in the collapse zone, inform IC and others inside the building of the situation.
Unprotected lightweight steel and wooden trusses will fail after _____ minutes of exposures to fire.
5 to 10 minutes.
The critical temperature at which steel trusses can fail from exposure to heat alone without any flames?
1000 degrees.
Unless _____, metal gusset plates in wooden trusses can warp and fail quickly when exposed to heat.
Cornered-nailed.
When used in lightweight construction, wooden I beams have characteristics similar to _____.
Wooden trusses.
What actions should firefighters take when dealing with truss-containing buildings exposed to fire conditions for longer than 5 minutes?
Do not enter the building to attack the fire.
Wood reacts to fire conditions based on its ____.
Size and moisture content.
The ____ the wood, the easier to ignite and the faster it loses structural integrity.
Smaller
How does water affect burning wood?
By stopping the charring process, which reduces woods strength.
What material is minimally affected by fire and exposure to high temperature?
Masonry
What can happen to masonry when it is rapidly cooled?
It cracks
What material elongates when heated?
Steel
Steel fails at near or above ____?
1000 degrees
What effect does water have on steel?
Water cools structural members and reduces the risk of structural collapse.
What material has a high water content and absorbs a great deal of heat?
Gypsum
Heated glass may crack and shatter when struck by ____ water.
Cold
Things to consider during size-up of a building?
Roof type, age of building, construction material.
In buildings being constructed, the lack of ____ contributes to rapid fire growth.
Doors
What are some risks of buildings being renovated?
Breached walls, Protective features not in place, occupants living in one section while work continues in another.
