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Fire Minimum Standards > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following occurs when a substance remains chemically the same but changes in size, shape, or appearance?

A

Physical change

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2
Q

When a substance changes from one type of matter to another?

A

Chemical change.

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3
Q

A chemical reaction involving the combination of oxygen (or similar types of substances) with other materials?

A

Oxidation

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4
Q

Reactions that give off energy as they occur?

A

Exothermic reaction

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5
Q

Refers to reactions that absorb energy as they occur

A

Endothermic reactions

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6
Q

Modes of combustion are different based on:

A

Where the reaction is occuring

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7
Q

Which mode of combustion requires liquid or solid fuels to be converted to the gas phase or vaporized?

A

Flaming combustion

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8
Q

Which mode of combustion occurs when solid fuels undergo oxidation at the surface of the fuel.

A

Nonflaming or smoldering combustion

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9
Q

What are the three components of the fire triangle?

A

Oxygen, Fuel, and Heat.

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10
Q

Flaming combustion is accurately best explained by what?

A

The fire tetrahedron

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11
Q

What are the elements of the fire tetrahedron?

A

Oxygen, Fuel, Heat, and a self-sustained chemical reaction.

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12
Q

Energy possessed by a moving object.

A

Kinetic energy

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13
Q

Temperature is a messurment of:

A

Kinetic energy

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14
Q

In the customary system, the unit of measure for heat is:

A

British thermal units (BTU)

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15
Q

Applying large amounts of heat to solid fuels such as wood causes.

A

Pyrolysis

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16
Q

What is the temperature to which the surface of a substance must be heated for ignition and self-sustained combustion to occur?

A

Autoignition temperature

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17
Q

What is the most common source of heat in combustion reactions?

A

Chemical heat energy

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18
Q

What occurs when any combustible is in contact with oxygen?

A

Oxidation

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19
Q

What mode of electrical heat energy occurs when electric current flows through a conductor at a normal design limit?

A

Resistance Heating

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20
Q

What type of heat energy is generated by friction or compression?

A

Mechanical heat energy

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21
Q

The rate at which heat is transfered is related to the temperature differentialof the bodies and

A

Thermal conductivity of the material involved

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22
Q

What refers to the transfer of heat within a body or to another body by direct contact

A

Conduction

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23
Q

What refers to the transfer of heat energy from a fluid (liquid or gas) to a solid surface?

A

Convection

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24
Q

What refers to transmission of energy as an electromagnetic wave without an intervening medium?

A

Radiation

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25
Q

What is the dominant mode of heat transfer when a fire grows in size?

A

Radiant heat

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26
Q

What refers to materials that absorb heat but do not participate actively in the combustion reaction?

A

Passive agents

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27
Q

Fuel in combustion is known as the

A

Reducing agent

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28
Q

For flaming combustion to occur, fuels must be in the:

A

Gaseous state

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29
Q

In order to burn, liquids must be:

A

Vaporized

30
Q

What refers to the temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vaporsto ignite, but not sustain, combustion?

A

Flash point

31
Q

What is the primary consideration in whether solids are easy or difficult to ignite.

A

Surface to mass ratio

32
Q

What are the factors that heat release is dependant on?

A

Type of fuel, Quanity of fuel, Orientation of fuel.

33
Q

What is the primary oxidizing agent in most fires?

A

Oxygen

34
Q

What should you be cautious of in oxygen enriched atmospheres?

A

Materials that wont burn at normal oxygen levels, may burn readily.

35
Q

What refers to the minimum concentration of fuel vapor and air that supports combustion?

A

Lower Flammable Limit

36
Q

What involves many types of intermediate combustion products, many of which are flammable and toxic?

A

Self-sustained chemical reaction.

37
Q

What cannot be extinguished by chemical flame inhibition?

A

Surface combustion

38
Q

In flamming combustion, the fire will continue to burn until the fuel or oxygen is exhausted or:

A

An extinguishing agent is applied in sufficient quanity to interfere with the ongoing reaction.

39
Q

What causes most fire deaths?

A

Toxic smoke

40
Q

What product of combustion is frequently identified as the cause of death for civillian fire fatalities and acts as a chemical asphyxiant by binding with hemoglobin in the blood

A

Carbon Monoxide

41
Q

What product of combustion is produced in the combustion of materials containing nitrogen and is a significant byproduct of the combustion of polyuerethane foam?

A

Hydrogen Cyanide

42
Q

What product of combustion is a product of complete combustion of organic materials and also acts as a respiratory stimulant?

A

Carbon Dioxide

43
Q

Which class of fires involves ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, grass, and many plastics?

A

Class A fires

44
Q

What class of fires involve energized electrical equipment?

A

Class C fires

45
Q

What class of fire involve flammable and combustible liquids and gasses such as gasoline, oil, laquuer, paint, mineral spirits, and alcohol?

A

Class B fires

46
Q

What class of fire involve combustible metals such as aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, titanium, and zirconium?

A

Class D fires

47
Q

What class of fires involve oils and greases normally found in commercial kitchens and food preparation facilities using deep fryers?

A

Class K fires

48
Q

When fire development is limited by air supply, it is said to be:

A

Ventilation controlled

49
Q

Which stage of fire development is the fire small, confined to the materialfirst ignited, and may self extinguish?

A

Incipient stage

50
Q

During which stage of fire development has the fire not yet influenced the environment to a significant extent?

A

Incipient stage

51
Q

Which stage of fire development does the fire begin to influence the environment within the compartment?

A

Growth stage

52
Q

In thermal layering, the hottest gasses tend to be:

A

In the top layer.

53
Q

What refers to pockets of flames that may be observed moving through the hot gas layer above the neutral plane?

A

Isolated flames

54
Q

A condition where unburned fire gases accumulated at the top of a compartment ignite and propagate through the hot gas layeror across the ceiling?

A

Rollover

55
Q

What refers to the transition when conditions in the compartment change very rapidly from partial to full involvement of the compartment

A

Flashover

56
Q

What happens just before flashover?

A

Temperatures rapidly increase, additional fuel becomes involved, and fuel in the compartment gives off combustible gases.

57
Q

During which stage of fire development are all combustible materials in the compartment burning?

A

Fully developed stage

58
Q

During which stage of fire development does the fuel become consumed or the oxygen concentration fall to the point where flaming combustion can no longer be supported?

A

Decay stage

59
Q

An increase in ventilation in a fire that is in the decay stage can result in a deflagration called a:

A

Backdraft

60
Q

What are the most fundamental fuel characteristics influencing fire development in a compartment fire?

A

Mass and surface area

61
Q

What factors influance the availability and location of additional fuels?

A

Contents (nonstructural fire load), construction (structural fire load), configuration of the building.

62
Q

All other things being equal, a fire in a large compartment will:

A

Develop more slowly than one in a small compartment.

63
Q

What are examples of pre-existing ventilation.

A

Structural openings, construction type, building ventilation systems.

64
Q

Examples of some thermal properties of an enclosure.

A

Insulation, retention, and conductivity.

65
Q

What ambient condition can be extreamly significant in structural fire development?

A

Strong winds

66
Q

What method of controlling and extinguishing a fire depends on reducing the temperature of a fuel to a point where it does not produce sufficient vapor to burn?

A

Temperature reduction

67
Q

which method of controlling and extinguishing a fire effectively extinguishes any fire?

A

Fuel removal

68
Q

Which method of controlling and extinguishing fire reduces a fires growth and may totally extinguish it over time, but is not generally used for extinguishment in structure fires?

A

oxygen exclusion

69
Q

which method of controlling and extinguishing a fire interupts the cobustion reaction and stopd flame production?

A

Chemical flame inhibition

70
Q

Which method of controlling and extinguishing a fire uses water for the extinguishment of smoldering fires?

A

Temperature reduction

Fire Minimum Standards (6 decks)

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