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Building Systems and Construction > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Hard inert materials such as sand and gravel added to concrete

A

Aggregate

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2
Q

A structural form using a carved structure to span an opening

A

Arch

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3
Q

Structural form semicircular in cross section like a series of roman arches

A

Barrel vault

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4
Q

Horizontal structural member that is longer than it is wide.

A

Beam

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5
Q

Any of the forces to which a structure is subjected

A

Building load

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6
Q

A thickening in a wall that provides additional structural support

A

Buttress

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7
Q

Structural systems using flexible wire rope or metal chains with high tensile strength as means of support

A

Cable structures

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8
Q

Horizontal structure supported from one end only with the structure extending out past the support

A

Cantilever

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9
Q

A brittle iron-based alloy that contains carbon and small amounts of silicon, case in a mold and machined to make building and ornamental products

A

Cast iron

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10
Q

Concrete cast into formwork where it will be used by a concrete mixer or agitator truck

A

Cast-in-place concrete

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11
Q

Masonry wall in which the facing and backing units are constructed separately

A

Cavity wall

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12
Q

A vertical structural member that is longer than it is wide or deep

A

Column

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13
Q

Brick used for general building purposes that is given no special color or texture

A

Common brick

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14
Q

Masonry walls made with more than one type of masonry

A

Composite walls

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15
Q

The shortening or pushing together of a material resulting in a reduction in its size or volume

A

Compression

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16
Q

Small precast masonry units that can be handled easily

A

CMUs

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17
Q

A concrete structure supported directly on the earth and made thick enough to carry the wall and column loads for a one to two-story building

A

Concrete slab-on-grade

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18
Q

A single horizontal row of masonry units

A

Course

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19
Q

Static loads acting vertically downward on a structure including the weight of the structure itself and the weight of building elements, fixtures, and equipment permanently attached to it.

A

Dead loads

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20
Q

The perpendicular distance a beam is bent down when a load is placed on it

A

Deflection

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21
Q

Lumber that is uniformly cut to predetermined sizes

A

Dimensional lumber

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22
Q

A structural form that spans a circular opening with a spherical surface structure consisting of stacked blocks, reinforced concrete, or short linear elements

A

Dome

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23
Q

Loads applied suddenly to a structure, often with rapid changes in the size of the force and the point to which it is applied

A

Dynamic loads

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24
Q

Brick made of special clays or treated to create desired colors and textures for use on visible surfaces

A

Facing brick

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25
Q

Building structural component that supports the floor structure and anchors the rest of the building

A

Foundation

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26
Q

The process of fitting and connecting that supports the floor structure and anchors the rest of the building

A

Framing

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27
Q

Structural forms generated by the perpendicular intersection of two vaults creating the appearance of two arches intersecting diagonally

A

Groin Vaults

28
Q

A wood framing element that serves as a lintel

A

Header

29
Q

Framing with large wooden posts and beams that is more resistant to fire than light wood-frame construction

A

Heavy timber construction

30
Q

Systems comprise preformed blocks or panels designed primarily for use below grade and cast as formwork for concrete and steel reinforcing rods, remaining in place as insulation

A

Insulating concrete form (ICF)

31
Q

Layers of wood glued with the grains parallel to form boards or timbers

A

Laminated wood

32
Q

Construction that forms structural elements from closely spaced members made of dimension lumber of light-gauge steel

A

Light frame construction

33
Q

Lightweight steel construction elements manufactured as channels or C-shapes, and usually pre-punched to allow piping, wiring, and bracing to be run through them

A

Light gauge steel studs

34
Q

A linear horizontal structural member placed over a door or window to transfer the load around the window opening

A

Lintel

35
Q

Loads that change over time but generally do so gradually; include the weight of the building’s occupants, any mobile equipment and furnishing and any collected snow and water.

A

Live loads

36
Q

Designed to support portions of the load of overlying parts of a building

A

Load-bearing

37
Q

A thin, flexible surface that transmits loads primarily along lines of tensile stress

A

Membrane structure

38
Q

Heavy timber construction combined with brick; used i early mill buildings in North America

A

Mill construction

39
Q

A mixture usually composed of Portland cement, sand and water, used as a bonding agent in masonry construction

A

Mortar

40
Q

Breaks in construction incorporated into masonry walls to control movement, with expansion joints designed to close slightly when masonry materials expand, and control joints constructed to open slightly as concrete masonry shrinks

A

Movement joints

41
Q

A size used for identification that may not match any dimension of a product.

A

Nominal dimension

42
Q

A vertical structural support for a raised structure

A

Pier

43
Q

A rectangular column protruding from a wall

A

Pilaster

44
Q

Linear vertical structural members much like columns to carry a building load to the ground; can also be freestanding as monuments

A

Pillars

45
Q

Wooden building construction system built of stacked floors made with studs only a single story high, with each story resting on the top plates of the story below, or on the sill plates of the foundation wall

A

Platform framing

46
Q

Term often used for wood columns made from a single tree trunk

A

Post

47
Q

Construction type that used vertical posts and horizontal beams to carry floor and roof loads.

A

Post-and-beam

48
Q

Concrete in which wire mesh or steel bars are embedded to increase its tensile strength

A

Reinforced concrete

49
Q

Area in most multi-story buildings that groups together the stairs, elevators, toilet rooms and supply closets.

A

Service core

50
Q

A wood, concrete, or masonry wall designed to deal with shearing forces that transfers a load to the foundation and resists changes in shape

A

Shear wall

51
Q

Term that describes what happens when two parallel surfaces move in opposite directions

A

Shearing force

52
Q

Protective covering of boards, plywood, or other panels applied to a building’s frame as a basis for siding, flooring or roofing.

A

Sheathing

53
Q

Materials such as shingles, boards, or sheets of metal covering the surfaces the exterior walls of frame buildings

A

Siding

54
Q

The distance between two intermediate supports for a structure

A

Span

55
Q

Loads applied slowly and steadily to a structure until reaching their maximum, including the weight of the structure itself, the weight of building elements, fixtures, and equipment permanently attracted to it, and movable or moving love loads

A

Static loads

56
Q

An alloy of iron with carbon

A

Steel

57
Q

Sandwiched prefabricated panels that are quickly connected with splice plates

A

Structural insulated panels (SIPs)

58
Q

A force applied to a structure or its components

A

Structural load

59
Q

Framing made of hot-rolled steel beams and columns spanned by open-web joists and metal decking

A

Structural steel framing

60
Q

Building components designed and constructed to support the loads applied to the building, and to transmit them safely to the ground without damage to the building

A

Structural system

61
Q

The building’s vertical extension above ground, including columns, beams and load-bearing walls that support its floors and roof structures

A

Superstructure

62
Q

Relating to tension; capable of being drawn out or stretched

A

Tensile

63
Q

The reaction of a material to stresses stretching or pulling on it along the direction of its length

A

Tension

64
Q

Type of built-up beam that utilizes the inherent stability of a triangle to spread and support a load

A

Truss

65
Q

An arched structure of stone, brick, or reinforced concrete that functions like a three-dimensional arch

A

Vault

66
Q

A wall with a non-structural facing of stone, brick, concrete or tile bonded to a supporting structure

A

Veneered wall

67
Q

Touch, malleable and relatively soft form of iron suitable for forging or rolling

A

Wrought iron

Building Systems and Construction (5 decks)

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