Chapter 4 Flashcards
allele
one alternative form of the same gene
allele frequencies
proportions of alternative forms of a gene in a pop
allozyme
alternative gorm of a particular enzyme which differs structurally but not functionally form other allozymes
artificial selection
selective breeding used to develop/maintain desirable traits in domesticated plants/animals
common garden experiment
individuals from two or more pops are transplanted and grown in same environment, used to study contributions of environment v. genetic factors to difference between pop
directional selection
form of natural selection that favors extreme phenotypes over others
disruptive selection
form of natural selection that favors two or more extreme phenotypes over the avg phenotype
ecotype
locally adapted and genetically distinctive pop within a species
endemic
term applied to pops or species foundin a particular locality, an island and nowhere else
fitness
number of offspring contributed by an individual relative to the number of offspring produced by others
GMOs
organisms whose genetic makeup has been modified through process of genetic engineering, through deletion/insertion of genes from diff organisms
genetic drift
change in gene frequencies in a pop due to chance
genetic engineering
alteration of genetic makeup of an intro of deletion of genes
hardy-Weinberg principle
principle that in a pop mating at random in the absence of evolutionary forces, allele frequencies remain constant
heritability
proportion of total phenotypic variabtion in a trait attributable to genetic variation; determines potential for evolutionary change in trait
